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States of Matter u Matter exists in 4 states: SOLID, LIQUID, GAS, PLASMA Particles move more The state of the matter depends on its temperature.
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Kinetic Theory of Matter u All matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion. EVEN SOLIDS, except their tiny particles move more slowly than liquids, gases or plasmas.
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States of Matter u SOLID = Definite shape &volume u LIQUID = NO definite shape but has definite volume ! u GAS = NO definite shape or volume
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SOLIDS u Tiny particles in solids are held very close together, but they still vibrate. u Thus, solids maintain their shape and volume
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LIQUIDS u Tiny particles in liquids are held close together, but they can move around one another. u Thus, liquids can change shape but their volume DOESN’T CHANGE
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GASES u Tiny particles in gases have enough energy to separate and move around in all directions. u Thus, gases take the shape of their containers AND can be compressed or expanded.
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PLASMA u A gas-like mixture of positively and negatively charged particles. u This state of matter doesn’t occur naturally on earth.
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Thermal Expansion u The characteristic of matter whereby it expands as it gets hotter and contracts as it cools. u Ex: liquid in thermometers u Ex: guitar strings? Others?
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Energy Temp solid liquid melts gas (vaporization) condenses freezes + energy - energy
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Heat Needed to Change State 1.Heat of Fusion- amount of energy needed to change solid to liquid. 2.Heat of Vaporization- Amount of energy needed to change liquid to gas.
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Energy Temp solid liquid melts gas (vaporization) Heat of Fusion Heat of Vap.
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Solid-Liquid Phase Change Melting- Change of a solid to a liquid.Occurs when a substance absorbs energy (heat). Melting point - Temp. at which a solid changes to a liquid. ex. H 2 O = 0 0 C
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Liquid-Solid Phase Change Freezing- Change of a liquid to a solid.Occurs when a liquid loses heat (energy). Freezing Point- The temp. at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid. ex. H 2 O = 0 0 C
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Liquid-Gas Phase Change Vaporization- The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas.Occurs when the particles of a liquid absorb energy (heat). Evaporation- When vaporization takes place at the surface of the liquid.
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Liquid-Gas Phase Change Boiling- Process in which particles inside a liquid as well as those on the surface of a liquid change to gas. Boiling Point- Temp. at which a substance changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase.
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Gas-Liquid Phase Change Condensation- A change from the gas to the liquid phase.Occurs when a substance in the gas phase loses energy (heat).
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Solid - Gas Phase Change Sublimation- When the surface particles of a solid escape directly into the gas phase.
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The Ideal Gas Laws: Boyle’s Law- The volume of a fixed amount of gas varies inversely with the pressure of a gas.As the pressure increases the volume of the gas decreases and vice-versa. P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2
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The Ideal Gas Laws: Charles’s Law- As the temp. of a gas increases the volume increases. As the temp. of a gas decreases the volume decreases. T 1 V 2 = T 2 V 1
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Boyle’ Law With a fixed amount of gas, when the ___________ is increased, the volume ____________. When the ___________ is decreased, the volume ___________. pressure decreases pressure increases
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Charle’s Law With a fixed amount of gas, when the _______ is increased the volume ___________. When the _______ is decreased the volume ___________. temp. increases temp. decreases
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