1. Valence Electrons 1-7: How Do Electrons Determine Chemical Behavior

2. Do Now 0 What energy sublevels can electrons be found in? 0 What element has the noble gas electron configuration: [Ar]4s 2 3d 3 ?

3. Do Now 0 What energy sublevels can electrons be found in? 0 s, p, d, f 0 s – 2e -, p – 6e -, d – 10e -, f – 14e - 0 What element has the noble gas electron configuration: [Ar]4s 2 3d 3 ? 0 Vanadium (V); atomic # 23

4. Objective 0 I can find the number of valence electrons for each element on the periodic table 0 I can describe how valence electrons determine the chemical behavior (reactivity) of different elements

5. Agenda 0 Do Now, Objective (7 min) 0 What Do You See (5 min) 0 Noble Gases and Energy Levels (10 min) 0 Electrons & Chemical Behavior (15 min) 0 Vocabulary (5 min) 0 Calculating Valence Electrons 0 Guided practice (5 min) 0 Independent practice (10 min) 0 Exit Ticket (7 min)

6. Homework 0 Valence Electrons Homework 0 Due Thursday/Friday

7. Big Question 0 How does the arrangement of electrons in an atom determine its chemical behavior

8. What Do You See Discuss the picture with your partner. What do you notice happening between sodium and chlorine? Sodium Chlorine

9. What Do You See Sodium and chlorine are using their electrons to chemically bond. When sodium and chlorine bond, they form a new compound – sodium chloride (NaCl) Sodium Chlorine

10. Energy Level Patterns 0 Last week you learned that elements with high ionization energies are located on the right side of the periodic table. The elements with the highest ionization energies are in group 18 – The Noble Gases The noble gases have small atomic radii, high ionization energies, and are stable and non- reactive

11. Energy Levels and Noble Gases 0 Look at the periodic table. 0 For each noble gas (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn) identify 1. The last occupied energy level 2. The last occupied sublevel 3. The number of electrons in the sublevel 4. The total number of electrons in the last occupied energy level 0 Organize this information into the table on your guided notes

12. Electrons, Energy Levels, and Chemical Behavior Column AColumn BColumn CColumn D ElementEnergy Level (number) the last electron is in Sublevel (letter) the last electron is in # of electrons in the sublevel the last electron is in Total # of electrons in the last energy level occupied Helium Neon Argon3p68 Krypton Xenon Radon

13. Electrons, Energy Levels, and Chemical Behavior Column AColumn BColumn CColumn D ElementEnergy Level (number) the last electron is in Sublevel (letter) the last electron is in # of electrons in the sublevel the last electron is in Total # of electrons in the last energy level occupied Helium1s22 Neon Argon3p68 Krypton Xenon Radon

14. Electrons, Energy Levels, and Chemical Behavior Column AColumn BColumn CColumn D ElementEnergy Level (number) the last electron is in Sublevel (letter) the last electron is in # of electrons in the sublevel the last electron is in Total # of electrons in the last energy level occupied Helium1s22 Neon2p68 Argon3p68 Krypton Xenon Radon

15. Electrons, Energy Levels, and Chemical Behavior Column AColumn BColumn CColumn D ElementEnergy Level (number) the last electron is in Sublevel (letter) the last electron is in # of electrons in the sublevel the last electron is in Total # of electrons in the last energy level occupied Helium1s22 Neon2p68 Argon3p68 Krypton4p68 Xenon Radon

16. Electrons, Energy Levels, and Chemical Behavior Column AColumn BColumn CColumn D ElementEnergy Level (number) the last electron is in Sublevel (letter) the last electron is in # of electrons in the sublevel the last electron is in Total # of electrons in the last energy level occupied Helium1s22 Neon2p68 Argon3p68 Krypton4p68 Xenon5p68 Radon

17. Electrons, Energy Levels, and Chemical Behavior Column AColumn BColumn CColumn D ElementEnergy Level (number) the last electron is in Sublevel (letter) the last electron is in # of electrons in the sublevel the last electron is in Total # of electrons in the last energy level occupied Helium1s22 Neon2p68 Argon3p68 Krypton4p68 Xenon5p68 Radon6p68

18. Noble Gases & Energy Levels Column AColumn BColumn CColumn D ElementEnergy Level (number) the last electron is in Sublevel (letter) the last electron is in # of electrons in the sublevel the last electron is in Total # of electrons in the last energy level occupied Helium1s22 Neon2p68 Argon3p68 Krypton4p68 Xenon5p68 Radon6p68 How does Column A correspond to the row (period) of the periodic table that each element is in? The row of the periodic table that the element is in corresponds to the outermost energy level that electrons are located in

19. Noble Gases & Energy Levels Column AColumn BColumn CColumn D ElementEnergy Level (number) the last electron is in Sublevel (letter) the last electron is in # of electrons in the sublevel the last electron is in Total # of electrons in the last energy level occupied Helium1s22 Neon2p68 Argon3p68 Krypton4p68 Xenon5p68 Radon6p68 What pattern do you notice in Columns B and C? There are the maximum number of electrons in each sublevel

20. Noble Gases & Energy Levels Column AColumn BColumn CColumn D ElementEnergy Level (number) the last electron is in Sublevel (letter) the last electron is in # of electrons in the sublevel the last electron is in Total # of electrons in the last energy level occupied Helium1s22 Neon2p68 Argon3p68 Krypton4p68 Xenon5p68 Radon6p68 What patterns do you notice in Column D? There are always 2 or 8 electrons in the last occupied energy level

21. Chemical Behavior of Elements 0 The chemical behavior of an element is related to the location of its electrons 0 The chemical inactivity of noble gases reflects the stable arrangement of their electrons (their outermost energy levels are full)

22. Electrons & Chemical Behavior Complete the following chart in your guided notes Element being compared # of electrons more than those found in closest noble gas (He) Energy level (#) to which the last electron is assigned Energy sublevel (letter) to which the last electron is assigned Location of element (row) in the periodic table Location of element (column) in the periodic table Lithium12sRow 2Column 1 Beryllium Boron

23. Electrons & Chemical Behavior Complete the following chart in your guided notes Element being compared # of electrons more than those found in closest noble gas (Ne) Energy level (#) to which the last electron is assigned Energy sublevel (letter) to which the last electron is assigned Location of element (row) in the periodic table Location of element (column) in the periodic table Sodium23sRow 3Column 1 Magnesium Aluminum

24. Electrons & Chemical Behavior Complete the following chart in your guided notes Element being compared # of electrons less than those found in closest noble gas (Ne) Energy level (#) to which the last electron is assigned Energy sublevel (letter) to which the last electron is assigned Location of element (row) in the periodic table Location of element (column) in the periodic table Nitrogen32pRow 2Column 15 Oxygen Fluorine

25. Electrons & Chemical Behavior Complete the following chart in your guided notes Element being compared # of electrons less than those found in closest noble gas (Ar) Energy level (#) to which the last electron is assigned Energy sublevel (letter) to which the last electron is assigned Location of element (row) in the periodic table Location of element (column) in the periodic table Phosphorous33pRow 3Column 15 Sulfur Chlorine

26. Think Pair Share 0 Which elements have MORE electrons than the nearest noble gas? 0 Which elements have LESS electrons than the nearest noble gas?

27. Energy Levels, Electrons & Chemical Behavior 0 The higher the number the energy level the greater the distance between the nucleus and the electrons 0 The electrons in the energy levels with the highest number are farthest from the nucleus 0 The differences in electrons located in the outermost energy levels distinguish an atom from its nearest noble gas – these are the electrons responsible for the atom’s chemical behavior

28. Vocabulary 0 Valence Electron: the electrons found in the outermost energy level in s and p orbitals. 0 maximum # of valence e - : 8 (2 in s, 6 in p) 0 elements WANT to have 8 valence electrons 0 elements take/give/share electrons to get to a stable electron configuration with 8 valence electrons (i.e. be like a noble gas)

30. Groups/Families in the Periodic Table 0 Elements in the same column have the same number of valence electrons (outside electrons) 0 Elements in the same column have similar chemical properties

32. Calculating Valence Electrons: Guided Practice a. How many valence electrons are in an atom of helium? 0 He (row 1, column 18) – 2 valence e- b. Neon? 0 Ne (row 2, column 18) – 8 valence e- c. Argon? 0 Ar (row 3, column 18) – 8 valence e- d. Krypton 0 Kr (row 4, column 18) – 8 valence e- e. Xenon 0 Xe (row 5, column 18) – 8 valence e- f. Radon a. Rn (row 6, column 18) – 8 valence e-

33. Noble Gases have 8 Valence Electrons

34. Calculating Valence Electrons: Guided Practice a. How many valence electrons are in an atom of lithium? 0 Li (row 2, column 1) – 1 valence e- b. Sodium? 0 Na (row 3, column 1) – 1 valence e- c. Potassium? 0 K (row 4, column 1) – 1 valence e- d. Rubidium 0 Rb (row 5, column 1) – 1 valence e- e. Cesium 0 Cs (row 6, column 1) – 1 valence e-

35. Valence Electrons & Chemical Bonding 0 An atom’s valence electrons determine when and how it will bond with other elements 0 metals = give electrons to become stable 0 nonmetals = take electrons to become stable 0 http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterand chemistry/chemicalbonds/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterand chemistry/chemicalbonds/

36. Calculating Valence Electrons: Independent Practice 0 Complete the independent practice questions in your guided notes. Check your answers with a neighbor when you are finished.

37. Lesson Summary 0 Atoms want to have a stable electron configuration (filled outermost energy level and orbitals) 0 The chemical behavior of an element is determined by its valence electrons – is it stable? Is it reactive? 0 Electrons chemically react to gain/lose/share electrons so that they can fill orbitals and become more like noble gases.

38. Exit Ticket 0 Complete the exit ticket silently 0 turn it into Ms. B when you are finished 0 silently work on homework if you complete your work early

39. Valence Electrons – Day 2 0 Wednesday schedule 0 Black Week – Honors, M/Th 2/3

40. Do Now 0 What is a valence electron? 0 Why do elements in the same column/group have similar chemical properties? Explain your answer with an example.

41. Do Now 0 What is a valence electron? 0 an electron in the outermost energy level 0 Why do elements in the same column/group have similar chemical properties? 0 elements in the same column have the same number of valence electrons, which determines their chemical behavior

42. Objective 0 I can find the number of valence electrons for each element on the periodic table 0 I can describe how valence electrons determine the chemical behavior (reactivity) of different elements

43. Agenda 0 Do Now, Objective (7 min) 0 Chemical Bonding Video & Quiz (10 min) 0 Valence Electrons Practice (20 min) 0 Exit Ticket (7 min)

44. Homework 0 Valence Electrons Homework 0 Due Monday/Tuesday

45. Chemical Bonding Video http://www.brainpop.com/science/ matterandchemistry/chemicalbonds /

46. Chemical Bonding 1. If an atom has no charge, which of the following must be true? a. It has more neutrons than protons or electrons b. There are only neutrons inside the atom c. Its number of protons is equal to its number of electrons d. The neutrons in the atom outnumber the electrons and protons

47. Chemical Bonding 1. Based on what you know about atomic structure, what can you infer about the word nuclear a. It relates to protons and neutrons b. It relates to electrons c. It relates to neutrons only d. It relates to ions only

48. Chemical Bonding 1. Which of these is an ion?

49. Chemical Bonding 1. Atom X has 10 electrons. Atom Y has eight electrons. Which of them is more likely to bond with another atom? a. Atom X b. Atom Y c. Neither of them is likely to bond d. They are equally likely to bond

50. Chemical Bonding 1. Which of the following atoms is most likely to bond with another atom

51. Chemical Bonding 1. An atom has 15 total electrons. How many valence electrons does it have? a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6

52. Valence Electron Review 0 Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom 0 Valence electrons are involved in chemical bonding, and determine the chemical behavior of an atom 0 Octet Rule = atoms want 8 valence electrons

53. Valence Electrons Practice 0 Complete both sides of your ‘Valence Electrons Independent Practice II’ silently at your desk 0 work on your own 0 use periodic tables

54. Exit Ticket 0 Answer the following question on a sticky note – Explain how valence electrons determine the chemical behavior of atoms using an example.