1. Anomalies in the Outer Solar System Planet X

2. Author Andy Lloyd Old Cryptian 1979-86 BSc (Hons) (1 st Class) University of Lancaster, post-graduate studies at University of California at San Diego. Author of ‘Dark Star: The Planet X Evidence’ (2005), ‘Ezekiel One’ (2009), ‘The Followers of Horus’ (2010) Webmaster of www.darkstar1.co.uk Lives in Longlevens with wife and 2 sons

3. Planet X: What do we Know? “There are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns – the ones we don't know we don't know.” Former U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, 2002

4. A Familiar Scale?

5. The True Scale An astronomical unit is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun (~ 150,000,000 km or 93,000,000 miles) 1 light year (ly) = 63240 astronomical units The nearest star, Proxima Centauri, is about 4.2 light years away. The Sun’s domain extends out to ~1 ly, possibly more

6. Distances at a Glance Neptune (30.0AU), Pluto (30-40AU) Kuiper Belt (30 – 55AU) Heliopause (~80AU) Inner Oort Cloud (2000 – 20,000AU) Outer Oort Cloud (20,000AU – 50,000+AU) Proxima cantauri (265,000AU) Galactic Centre (27,000 light years)

7. Kuiper Belt Anomalies The Kuiper Belt extends from Neptune (30 AU) to ~ 55 AU from the Sun, and much bigger than the asteroid belt. The Kuiper Cliff/Gap at 55AU Missing Kuiper Belt Object populations Highly anomalous orbital properties of certain Kuiper Belt Objects

8. Protoplanetary Disk

9. Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs)

10. The Heliopause

11. Pioneer and Voyager On-going anomalous trajectories of the Pioneer spacecraft NASA still puzzled after many years Voyager spacecraft – heliosheath is distorted IBEX ‘footprint’ – heliosheath locally affected by extra magnetic field “…some fundamental physics is missing from our understanding."

12. The Oort Cloud

13. Oort Cloud Anomaly The Oort cloud is thought to occupy a vast space from ~2,000AU (~0.03 ly) to ~ 50,000 AU (0.79 ly) from the Sun. Some estimates place the outer edge at between 100,000 and 200,000 AU (1.58 and 3.16 ly) Long-period comets come from the Oort Cloud Long-period comets do not show an even distribution Why?

14. Other Anomalies Missing angular momentum in the solar system Computer models call for 5 gas giants IRAS anomalies Uranus : turned over on its side, and too cold. Why?

15. “Here be Dragons” Planet X, a terrestrial-sized planet beyond the Kuiper Belt ‘Dark Star’ i.e. a sub-brown dwarf among the comets “Missing” brown dwarf star, presumably ejected by Jupiter Action of passing star Migrating gas giant planet Action of Giant Molecular Cloud/”Fluff”

16. Brown Dwarfs

17. Will WISE find a new planet?

18. Planet X

19. Further Reading Thank you for listening! Website: www.darkstar1.co.uk or Google Andy Lloyd lots of interviews on YouTube