1. Islamic Fundamentalism And Terrorism Islamic Fundamentalism And Terrorism

2. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Warm-Up Question CPS Question (1)

3. Objectives Know the general impact of terrorism in the worldKnow the general impact of terrorism in the world Know how radical Islamist beliefs contribute to terrorismKnow how radical Islamist beliefs contribute to terrorism Know the events associated with the 9-11 attacks and the Global War on terrorKnow the events associated with the 9-11 attacks and the Global War on terror

4. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Overview  The general impact of terrorism in the world  How radical Islamist beliefs contribute to terrorism  The events associated with the 9/11 attacks and the Global War on Terror

5. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Quick Write Do you think the airline acted properly in taking these families off the plane? these families off the plane? Explain whether you think it’s OK to suspect people based on their religion and ethnic origin. based on their religion and ethnic origin. (Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS)

6. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 The General Impact of Terrorism in the World  (V1/CP1) Terrorism is premeditated, politically motivated violence against noncombatants by subnational groups or clandestine agents, generally to influence an audience Andy Nelson / © 2003 The Christian Science Monitor

7. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Questions (2 & 3)

8. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 The General Impact of Terrorism in the World  (V2) International Terrorism – involves the citizens or territory of more than one country  (V3) Terrorist Group –any group that practices terrorism or has a subgroup that does  They tend to have a specific (V4) agenda – a set of goals to achieve A view of damages to the U.S. Embassy in Beirut caused by a terrorist bomb attack, April 1983terrorist bomb attack http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/List_of_terrorist_ incidents,_2011

9. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Questions (4, 5 & 6)

10. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Terrorism in the World A Historical Perspective  (CP2) Terrorism is nothing new – during the Crusades in the 13 th century “Hashhashin” or assassins operated in Syria and Iraq and dramatically executed political figures  (CP2) The word “terrorism” comes from French Revolution (1793-1794) and the “Reign of Terror” led by Maxmilien Robespierre – “Subdue by terror the enemies of liberty, and you will be right, as founders of the Republic” Robespierre Hassan-i-Sabbah led the Assassins

11. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Questions (7 & 8)

12. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Terrorism in the World A Historical Perspective  In 1928, Hassan al-Banna founded the Muslim Brotherhood, a rigidly conservative and highly secretive Egyptian-based organization dedicated to resurrecting a Muslim empire (Caliphate). According to al-Banna, "It is the nature of Islam to dominate, not to be dominated, to impose its law on all nations and to extend its power to the entire planet." Caliphate

13. Chapter 1, Lesson 4  Al-Qaeda and allied groups have been the greatest terror threat to the United States – 1993 World Trade Center bombing  Osama bin Laden was the al- Qaeda (V5) figurehead – the one supposedly in charge - now Ayman al-Zawahiri  Troubling trend: regional terrorist groups developing ties to al-Qaeda The General Impact of Terrorism in the World, cont.

14. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Questions (9 & 10)

15. Chapter 1, Lesson 4  (CP3) Northern Territories in Pakistan home to terrorists  Tribal areas in close proximity to Afghanistan  Used for bases and training areas  Not really under Pakistani control  U.S. believes Pakistan is unable or unwilling to control the area The General Impact of Terrorism in the World, cont.

16. Chapter 1, Lesson 4  Elsewhere, Iran and Syria remain threats as state sponsors of terrorism  Iran supports Hezbullah in Lebanon - The United States, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Israel, Australia, and Canada classify Hezbullah as a terrorist organization, in whole or in part and the U.S. views it as a (V6) proxy – stand-in for Iran terrorist  Syria allows safe passage of possible terrorists The General Impact of Terrorism in the World, cont.

17. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Questions (11 & 12)

18. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 How Radical Islamist Beliefs Contribute to Terrorism  Backlash against former colonial rulers and/or the governments they left behind caused many Muslims in the region to reject modernization, purify their societies, and adhere to (V7) Sharia Law - Islamic religious law  Basis for fundamentalist ideology - strictly adhered to by many Muslims Robert Harbison / © 2001 The Christian Science Monitor

19. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Questions (13, 14, & 15)

20. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 How Radical Islamist Beliefs Contribute to Terrorism  Saudi royal family supports a fundamentalist sect of Islam: (V8/CP4) Wahhabism – an austere form of Sunni Islam  Based on the teachings of Muslim cleric Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab  Condemns practices of Shia Muslims  Dominate form of Islam in Mecca

21. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Questions (16, 17, 18 & 19)

22. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 How Radical Islamist Beliefs Contribute to Terrorism  Osama Bin Laden/al Queda offer an extreme view of Islamic history – al Queda means “the base” in English  (CP5) Calls for followers to embrace violence and martyrdom  Wants to reestablish the (V9) Caliphate – Arab political unity of Islam’s golden age, centered in Baghdad – by replacing Arab governments  Influenced by teachings of Sayyid Qutb – justifies mass murder - executed for attempted overthrow of Egyptian government

23. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Questions (20, 21, 22 & 23)

24. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 How Radical Islamist Beliefs Contribute to Terrorism  Caliphate collapsed because its leaders strayed from true religion  Al-Qaeda hates the United States – blames the US for all conflicts involving Muslims anywhere – US insulted Islam  To end al Queda attacks the US must:  Leave the Middle East  Convert to Islam  End “immorality” and “godlessness”

25. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Question (24)

26. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Osama bin Laden/al Queda Attacks on the US  February 1993 World Trade Center  1996 Attack on Khobar Towers  1998 U.S.- embassy bombings  2000 USS Cole bombing  September 11 attacks  June 2009 Little Rock recruiting office shooting  December 2009 Northwest Airlines Flight 253  October 2010 cargo plane bomb plot

27. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 The Events Associated with the 9/11 Attacks and the Global War on Terror  (CP6) Four teams of al- Qaeda hijackers, 19 men total, hijacked four westbound aircraft, from Boston, Newark, and Dulles/Washington DC and turned the aircraft into weapons  Used box cutters for weapons  Cost $500,000 Andy Nelson / © 2002 The Christian Science Monitor

28. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Question (25)

29. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 The Events Associated with the 9/11 Attacks and the Global War on Terror  (CP6 cont.) 2 hit Twin Towers in NYC  1 hit Pentagon  1 crashed in Pennsylvania  About 3000 people died

30. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 The Events Associated with the 9/11 Attacks and the Global War on Terror  Al-Qaeda was the power behind the 9/11 attacks – protected by the Taliban government of Afghanistan – the 9/11 attack was seen as an act of war requiring a military response  On 7 October 2001, the United States and its allies invaded Afghanistan beginning of the War on Terrorism  Northern Alliance, Britain, Canada, Australia, France, New Zealand, Italy & Germany Robert Harbison / © 2002 The Christian Science Monitor

31. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Questions (26 & 27)

32. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 The Events Associated with the 9/11 Attacks and the Global War on Terror  Wasn’t the end of either the Taliban or al-Qaeda – attacks continue  2002 Bali, Indonesia  2003 4 in Saudi Arabia  2003 Istanbul, Turkey  2004 Madrid, Spain  2005 London, UK

33. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Question (28)

34. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 The Events Associated with the 9/11 Attacks and the Global War on Terror  Insurgency – An organized rebellion trying to overthrow a government  Al-Qaeda network—a (V10) “globalized insurgency” – an organized rebellion trying to overthrow governments/the world order  Replace the current international system with a (V11) transnational entity – one that is active across international borders – eg the United Arab/Muslim Republic

35. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Questions (29, 30, & 31)

36. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 The Events Associated with the 9/11 Attacks and the Global War on Terror  Al-Qaeda viewed as (V12) reactionary – opposed to progress – wants to force its brand of Islam on the world  Also extremely dangerous – seeking to gain WMD – nuclear, chemical, and/or biological

37. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Questions (32 & 33)

38. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 The Events Associated with the 9/11 Attacks and the Global War on Terror, cont.  The US government attacks al Queda and associated terrorist groups using a (CP7) “threefold threat complex” defined as attacks at three levels:  Leaders  Safe havens  Underlying conditions

39. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 The Events Associated with the 9/11 Attacks and the Global War on Terror  Threefold threat complex  Leaders – Money and know-how - Up to $25 million reward  (V13) Safe havens – a space that provides a secure base for extremist action – (CP8) Physical space, Cyberspace, Ideological  Underlying conditions – Social & Economic

40. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Question (34)

41. Chapter 1, Lesson 4Review  Terrorism is premeditated, politically motivated violence against noncombatants by subnational groups or clandestine agents, generally to influence an audience  Al-Qaeda and allied groups have been the greatest terror threat to the United States  Osama bin Laden/al Queda offers an extreme view of Islamic history and system for the world

42. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Review, cont.  On 11 September 2001 four teams of al- Qaeda hijackers turned aircraft into weapons  Oct. 2001: the United States and its allies invaded Afghanistan  The al-Qaeda network is a “globalized insurgency”

43. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Question CPS Question (35)

44. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Summary  The general impact of terrorism in the world  How radical Islamist beliefs contribute to terrorism  The events associated with the 9/11 attacks and the Global War on Terror

45. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Learning Check CPS Question (36)

46. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Next…  Done—Islamic Fundamentalism and Terrorism  Next—US Interests and Regional Issues in the Middle East Robert Harbison / © 1991 The Christian Science Monitor

47. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Activity 1: Islamic Fundamentalism and Terrorism Review Unscramble the words and write the definitions in the spaces provided

48. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Activity 2: Responses to Terrorism 1. What do you think authorities should do in this situation? 2. What do you think they should not do?

49. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Activity 3: What Are the Best Ways to Put an End to Terrorism? What do you think are the best ways to put an end to terrorism? Explain why.

50. Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Technology Enrichment: The September 11 Digital Archive Visit and explore the stories on the Smithsonian’s website, “The September 11 Digital Archive”