1. Female Reproductive System

2. Functions of the FRS Release an egg every month
                                                                                  
Release an egg every month
Provide shelter and nourishment to the fetus
Stores female reproductive cells
Produce estrogen and progesterone (female sex hormones)

3. Structures & Functions of the FRS
Broad Terms
Mons Pubis
Labia
Clitoris
Urethra
Vagina
Vulva

4. The Vulva
The Vulva (means “covering”) consists to the following external genitalia, which are all outwardly visible.
External Genitalia:
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
Urethral opening
Perineum

5. Mons Pubis
Mound of fat covering the pubic bone

6. Labia Majora and Minora
Labia Majora-Protect the vaginal and urethral openings
Labia Minora- Made up of erectile, connective tissue that darkens and swells during sexual arousal

7. Clitoris Small round piece of skin found between the upper thighs
Made up of erectile tissue; a small sensory organ

8. Urethra Small hole found below the clitoris
Excretion of urine is its only function

9. Perineum Contains an abundance of nerve endings
Episiotomy- incision used during childbirth to widen the vaginal opening

10. Internal Structures Vagina Ovaries Fimbria Fallopian tubes Uterus
Uterine lining
Cervix

11. Vagina
Muscular tube that connects the outside of the body to the inside
AKA – birth canal
Organ of sexual intercourse and birth
Route for menstruation

12. Ovaries Female sex glands that store reproductive cells
2 main functions:
* release an egg (female sex cell)
* produce estrogen and progesterone
This egg releasing process is called ovulation

13. Fimbria Finger like projections that surround the ovaries
They are the beginning of the fallopian tubes
Their movement cause the egg to enter the tubes

14. Fallopian Tubes Tubes connect the ovaries to uterus
Place of fertilization by male sperm
Egg travels down this tube (6-10 days to travel through fallopian tube to implant in uterine lining

15. Uterus Hollow flexible muscular organ; size of a fist AKA- womb
Provides a space for the baby to grow
Muscles that help push the baby out during labor

16. Uterine Lining
Tissue along the uterus becomes enriched with blood and nourishment once a month for pregnancy

17. Cervix
Located at the base of the uterus and bulges down into the vagina
Creates mucus to regulate what enters the uterus
During childbirth, it can expand to allow the baby to pass

18. Menstrual Cycle
The process that prepares the female body for reproduction
The ovaries will release an egg every month. This is called OVULATION.
The uterine lining prepares each month by thickening with blood and nutrients
If fertilization doesn’t occur the uterine lining sheds and the blood, tissue, and egg leave the body through the vagina. This is the Menstrual Period

19. How long does the Menstrual cycle last?
The cycle is counted from the start of one period to the start of the next. The average cycle lasts 28 days but it can range from days.
It is common for girls to get irregular periods.

20. How long does the Menstrual periods last?
Menstrual periods last 5-7 days.
Some girls may experience heavier bleeding than others
Girls will use pads, tampons, and/or liners during their menstrual period.

21. MENSTRUAL CYCLE BREAKDOWN
DAY 1-7 – Menstrual fluid will be released out of the body. This is known as the menstrual period.
DAY – Hormones levels will INCREASE and cause the uterine lining to thicken with blood. An egg matures in the ovary
DAY 14 – Ovulation (release of an egg)
DAY – Egg travels down fallopian tube to be fertilized
DAY – Hormone levels begin to DECREASE and causes the egg and uterine lining to break down

23. Disorders/Complications FRS
PMS
Menstrual cramps
Infertility
Vaginitis
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Breast Cancer
Cervical Cancer

24. PMS Premenstrual syndrome
Physical and emotional symptoms before a girl gets her period. Usually at its worst 1-2 weeks before
Cause:
Hormone levels changing

25. PMS con’t.. Symptoms: Easing the symptoms:
Acne, bloating, fatigue, backaches, sore breasts, headaches, constipation, diarrhea, food cravings, depression, irritability.
Easing the symptoms:
Medication

26. Menstrual cramps
Pain felt in the abdominal area a few days before a girl gets her period.
Cause:
Muscles around the uterus contracting in order to expel the uterine lining
Easing the symptoms:
Exercise
Heating Pads
Stretch
Medication

27. OTHER MENSTRUAL PROBLEMS
1. Amenorrhea – absence of periods or when a girl stops getting her period.
2. Menorrhagia – extremely heavy periods. Girls could have periods longer than 7 days or bleed through multiple pads over a few hours.
3. Dysmenorrhea – painful cramps that last for a day or 2.

28. INFERTILITY (2) Inflammation of the uterus
1. A woman’s inability to have children
Cause: (1) failure to ovulate b/c of a hormone inbalance.
(2) Inflammation of the uterus
(3) Contracting a STD (Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, HPV)

29. INFERTILITY con’t… Treatment: (1) Hormone Therapy
(2) Getting checked and treated for STDs

30. VAGINITIS 1. An inflammatory infection of the vagina
Cause: (1) Fungus (yeast infection)
(2) Bacteria
(3) Parasite (STD)
Treatment (1) Antibiotics
(2) medicated creams

31. TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME
1. Infection that affects the immune system and liver. Fact: Deadly in 50% of cases
2. Cause: Leaving a tampon in longer than the recommended time (4-6 hours) Will produce a fever and body will go into shock. Skin infections/burns/surgery
3. Treatment: Medical attention; antibiotics

32. BREAST CANCER 1. Defective cells that accumulate in the breast tissue
2. Cause: Genetics
3. Treatment: Self exams, Mammograms, and Medical Check-ups

33. Cervical Cancer
1. Defective cells that accumulate in the cervix-easiest test to prevent
2. Cause: (#1) STD (HPV) 50% of sexually active women will contract HPV
2. Treatment: (1) Pap Tests 21 yrs old or within 3 years of having sex
(2) Medical Check-ups
(3) HPV vaccinations

34. Breast Self-Examination
While taking a shower or bath, gently explore both breast and underarm areas with fingertips. Check the upper and outer parts of each breast, toward the armpit.
Standing in front of a mirror, check for changes in size, shape, and contour of each breast. Check for changes in the nipple, redness, or swelling.
Lie with one arm tucked behind the head. With the other hand, examine the opposite breast for lumps, thickening, or other changes. Move around the breast in a circle, then up and down, going over the entire breast area. Repeat on the other side.