1. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 8 Covalent Bonding 8.1 Molecular Compounds 8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding 8.3 Bonding Theories 8.4 Polar Bonds and Molecules

2. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Do Now Write the formula of the ionic compound formed when the following elements combine: a)Sodium and Chlorine b)Lithium and Oxygen c)Magnesium and Fluorine d)Calcium and Sulfur e)Potassium and Nitrogen

3. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 3 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. In nature, only noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. Molecules and Molecular Compounds They are monatomic; consist of single atoms. Helium, which is less dense than air, is often used to inflate balloons.

4. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. There are two ways elements can be like the nearest noble gas. 1.Transfer electrons to form an ionic compound. 2.Share electrons to form covalent compounds. Molecules and Molecular Compounds

5. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 5 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Electronegativity – ability of an atom to attract electrons when it is in a compound.

6. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. The electronegativity difference between two atoms tells you what kind of bond is likely to form. >2.0 tends to form an ionic bond <2 tends to form a covalent bond Molecules and Molecular Compounds

7. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 7 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Covalent bond: a bond in which atoms are held together through the sharing of electrons Electron sharing usually occurs so that atoms attain the electron configuration of noble gases Molecule: a neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds Molecules and Molecular Compounds

8. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 8 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Use the element cards and chips to model the bonding of 2 fluorine atoms. Each chip is one valence electron. How can they share electrons to achieve the electron configurations of a noble gas? Molecules and Molecular Compounds

9. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 9 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Covalent bond: a bond in which atoms are held together through the sharing of electrons Molecules and Molecular Compounds

10. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 10 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Molecule: a neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds Examples: F 2 H 2 O CH 4 Molecules and Molecular Compounds

11. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 11 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Do Now 1.Work with your partner from yesterday to write electron dot structures for 5 different diatomic molecules. 2.Draw 1 of these electron dot structures on the board. It must be different than any others put on the board before you!

12. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 12 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. HOFBrINCl Molecules and Molecular Compounds Diatomic molecule - molecule that contains two atoms.

13. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 13 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Molecular formula - chemical formula of a molecular compound. shows how many atoms of each element a substance contains H 2 O – 2 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen C 4 H 10 – 4 Carbon, 10 Hydrogen C 7 H 5 N 3 O 6 – trinitrotoluene (TNT) Molecules and Molecular Compounds

14. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 14 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Comparing Molecular and Ionic Compounds Properties of Molecular Compounds Lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds Solids, liquids or gases at room temp. Composed of atoms of two or more nonmetals Do not conduct electricity Do not dissolve in water as well as ionic compounds

15. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 15 Comparing Molecular and Ionic Compounds Water Molecular Compound Sodium Chloride Ionic Compound Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

16. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 16 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Sodium Chloride, NaCl Methane, CH 4 Oxygen, O 2 Ammonia, NH 3 Magnesium Oxide, MgO Barium Iodide, BaI 2 Molecules and Molecular Compounds Classify compounds into groups according to their chemical bonding (ionic or covalent). High or low melting point? Conduct electricity?

17. 8.1 Molecular Compounds > 17 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. END OF 8.1