1. Introduction to Animal Anatomy and Physiology Unit 5

2. What is the difference??? Anatomy vs. Physiology On your handout write what you think the definition for each is and be prepared to share with the class.

3. Definitions ANATOMY structural makeup especially of an organism or any of its parts PHYSIOLOGY the study of body organ function individually or in conjunction with other organs

4. How is animal anatomy and physiology useful? Helpful for those raising and/or showing animals of any kind Helpful in preparing for various Career Development Events Current or future job Future high school and college courses - biology, etc.

5. Unit Overview

6. Cell Biology

7. Skeletal system

8. Muscle system Respiratory system

9. Circulatory system Nervous system

10. Endocrine system and Reproductive system

11. Digestive system

12. Anatomy Terms 3 terms meaning towards the animal’s head cranial anterior superior 2 terms meaning towards the animal’s tail caudal posterior

13. Anatomy Terms Dorsal means toward or beyond the backbone Ventral or inferior means the front or lower part of the animal

14. Look at your handout! Based on the information that you have learned so far label the appropriate term on your handout. Be prepared to share!!

15. Anatomy Terms

16. Bonus Anatomy Terms Distal means far from the body part in question Proximal means close to the specific area of the body in question Superficial means close to the skin or body surface

17. Classifications All farm animals are classified as vertebrates (having a spinal column)

18. Understanding animal life Life span is the period of life for an organism. It is the length of time between birth and death. Based on the average amount of time an organism lives –Humans = 75 years in U.S. –Cattle = 12-15 years

19. Life Span What things might affect your life span?? Now write down on your handout three things that could affect the life span of a livestock animal. Be prepared to share

20. Living Condition Living condition: is the ability of an organism to carry out life processes, needed for protoplasm to function. 7 Processes needed to remain alive: –Getting and using food –Movement –Circulation –Respiration –Growth and repair –Secretion –Sensation –Reproduction –Lactation

21. Living Conditions What types of living conditions do you think are good and or bad for animals? Write examples on your handout and be prepared to share!

22. 5 Stages of Life All organisms have a definite sequence of stages of life –Stages of Life are developmental periods with common characteristics that represent various conditions of the organism. –These stages are recognized in most animal’s lives.

23. What stages can you think of? Try to come up with 5 stages of life. Think of yourself, what life stages have you gone through and what stages will you go through in the future? Write them on your handout and be ready to share!

24. Stage 1: Beginning The start of an organism’s life. With mammals, begins with conception or birth, depending on calculation. Age begins with day of birth. Living organism starts forming at conception.

25. Stage 1: Beginning Gestation –The time from conception following breeding until a female gives birth to her young –Varies among species From 110-115 days in pigs To 335-345 days in horses 144-150 days for sheep 278-289 days for cattle 150 days on average for goats It takes about 25-27 hours for a chicken to lay an egg

26. Stage 1: Beginning Prenatal Growth –Growth and development prior to birth or hatching –Involves time between when ovum is fertilized and birth (hatch)

27. Stage 2: Growth The time following the beginning Organism is rapidly increasing in size and developing skills. Postnatal Growth –Growth after birth –Not all parts of an animal’s body develop at the same rate –Different species do not develop at the same rate

28. Stage 3: Maturity The state when organism is fully developed. Carries out functions of adults No longer increases much in size Have reached reproductive potential

29. Stage 4: Decline The stage of life that follows maturity Organism has lived past maturity and begins to lose the ability to maintain itself Cells are no longer repaired and replaced Associated with aging

30. Stage 5: Death Protoplasm in the cells of the organism cease to function. Chemical activity in the cells stops Organism is no longer alive.

31. Example: Horse Stage 1: Conception Stage 2: During the first 2-3 years of life Stage 3: 10-12 years following growth Stage 4: Horse starts losing teeth, bone problems, deterioration Stage 5: Death follows when horse stops breathing

32. You give an example! With a partner choose one of the following animal species and describe its 5 stages of life. Use the textbook for help and put your answers on the provided worksheet. –Sheep –Goat –Cattle –Swine –Poultry When done complete the back side of the worksheet.