1. 2012274045 송혜영 ( 자료조사 및 정리 ) 2012274050 유가영 ( 자료조사 및 정리 ) 2012274013 유정희 (ppt 수정, 발표 ) 2012274023 이근재 ( 자료조사 및 정리 ) 2012274029 이선주 (ppt 제작, Quiz)

2. 1 PART 2

5. 1 free-living bacteria in soil, seawater, fresh water a single polar flagellum oxidase & catalase (+) no ferment carbohydrate → oxidation metabolism produce pseudomycins against fungi

6. 1 PART common inhabitant Ubiquitous pathogen Resistance in soaps, dyes, disinfectants, drugs and drying Opportunistic (weakened host defenses) Virulent factors exotoxins, phagocytosis- resistant slime layer, hemolysin, LPS

7. 1 PART nosocomial pseudomonas infection : severe burns, neoplastic desease, cystic fibrosis complications: pneumonia, urinary tract infection, abscess, otitis, corneal disease pseudomonas septicemia -> endocarditis, meningitis, bronchopneumonia blue pus : grapelike odor, noticeable color in tissue, pus, other exudate multidrug resistance :cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, carbenicillin, polymixin. quinolones, monobactams

9. 1 PART Genera : Burkholderia, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas Similar to pseudomonads - Living in soil, water, and related environments - Oxidase (+) - Opportunistic infection - Culture in blood agar and MacConkey agar

10. 1 PART Isolated from moist environment Toxic substance biodegradation Resistance in antimicrobic drugs Co-infection with Pseudomonas → severe respiratory compromise Opportunistic infection

11. 1 PART Resides in soil and water of tropical climate melioidoses : Prevalent in Southeast Asia, Africa, India, Middle East symptoms - wound infection – skin nodules along with symtoms of fever and muscle aches - lung infection - bronchitis, pneumonia Chronic infection : septicemia, endotoxic shock, abscesses in liver, brain.

12. 1 PART soil and water resistant to environment nosocomial & community- acquired infections high-profile pathogen multidrug-resistant(MDR) strains (combination of carbapenem, colistin, polymyxin B, ampicillin) control : isolation procedure, environmental disinfection

13. 1 PART Living in water, soil associated with plant root Contaminant Formation of biofilm Most drug-resistant bacteria Effective in cephalosporin, Tetracycline, fluoroquinolone, newer penicillin

15. 1 PART Coccobacilli Spore Brucella abortus (cattle), Brucella suis (pig), Brucella melitensis (sheep)

16. 1 PART Synonyms → Undulant fever → Malta fever → Bang’s disease Animal brucellosis : cause abortion Human brucellosis : cause sever febrile illness but not abortion

17. 1 PART Human infection

18. 1 PART diagnosis - patient’s history - serological test ( Agglutination titer test ) - blood cultures - Newer genetic test Treatment : Combination of tetracycline and rifampin or streptomycin

19. 1 PART Coccobacilli Similar to Yersinia pestis Zoonotic disease Endemic to the northern hemisphere, not in the tropics In wild rabbits → Rabbit fever

20. 1 PART Rabbits, rodents, bloodsucking arthropod vecters, wild animal, some domestic animals not communicated from human to human Infective dose of 10~50 organisms → the most infectious of all bacteria

21. 1 PART Depending upon the portal entry : Headache, fever, chills, malaise, Ulcerative skin lesion, Swollen lymph glands, Sore throat, Intestinal disruption, systemic symptom, pulmonary involvement

22. 1 PART gentamicin, tetracycline → intracellular persistence of F. tularensis leads to relapses Live attenuated vaccine, protective glove, mask, eyewear

24. 1 PART non-motile, encapsulated coccobacillus Urease, nitrate reductase, citrate (-) Responsible for pertussis (whooping cough) : communicable childhood affliction (birth to 4 years), acute respiratory syndrome →severe, life-threatening complications in babies Direct contact with droplets, inhalation of infection aerosols

25. 1 PART ① receptors : recognize ciliated respiratory epithelial cells ② toxin : destroy and dislodge ciliated cells → the loss of the ciliary mechanism → build up of mucus and blockage of the airways

26. 1 PART ① catarrhal stage : nasal drainage, congestion, sneezing, occasional coughing ② paroxysmal stage recurrent, persistent coughing, 10 to 20 abrupt, hacking cough → the need for oxygen → stimulates a deep inspiration → draws air swiftly through the narrowed larynx → ‘whoop’

27. 1 PART Treatment : Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin Prevention - Vaccine DPT (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) - Acellular vaccine (aP, contains toxoid) with DT vaccine

28. 1 PART motile rods, cocci to filaments, non-capsule Catalase( + ), oxidase (+) Fastidious nutrient requirements → charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) media or cell culture Ability to survive and persist in natural habitats

29. 1 PART Living intracellularly in free-living ameba Distributed in aqueous abitats : Tap water, cooling towers, spas, pond, fresh water etc. Can be carried for long distances Not communicable from person to person Nosocomial infections : in elderly patients hospitalized with diabetes, malignant disease, transplants, alcoholism, lung disease

30. 1 PART Legionnaires’disease, Pontiac fever → Fever(41 ℃ ), cough, diarrhea, abdominal pain Legionnaires’disease : Lung consolidation, impaired respiration & organ (fatality rate : 3~30%) Prevalent in males over 50 years of age Diagnosis : Fluorescent antibody staining, Cultivation on charcoal yeast extract (CYE) agar, DNA probes, Symptom & patient’s history Treatment : Erythromycin with rifampin

32. 2 PART Healthy and sick farm animals, fish, fruits & vegetables, drinking water → invade the small intestinal mucosa → lymphatics → intracellularly in phagocytes → inflammantion of the ileum & mesenteric lymph nodes → severe abdominal pain (mimics appendicitis) More benign than Y.enterocolitica Lymph node inflammation

33. 2 PART Gram-negative rods Bipolar staining, Capsules Facultative anaerobes Non Spore, Non flagella Zoonotic disease

34. 2 PART Capsular and envelope proteins → protect against phagocytosis → foster intracellular growth Coagulase : clots blood - obstructing blood vessels in human → necrosis - clogging the esophagus in fleas Endotoxin & murine toxin

35. 2 PART Plague bacillus : naturally in many animal hosts Endemically : Africa, South America, the Mideast, Asia, the former USSR, India Attributed to increased populations of rats, flea vectors No human to human transmission since 1924 Humans can develop plague - Sylvatic cycle : Through contact with wild animals - Urban cycle : Domestic or semi-domestic animals, or infected humans

37. 2 PART The plague bacillus multiplies in the bite → necrosis & swelling of the local lymph nodes (bubo) Localized to the lungs Highly contagious through sputum, aerosols Disseminated intravascular coagulation, subcutaneous hemorrhage, necrosis, gangrene. Visible darkening of the skin, “black death.”

38. 2 PART Diagnosis : The patient’s history, Culture of bubo aspirate Treatment : Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol Prevention - Killed vaccine : effective only for a few month - Attenuated vaccine : short effect and has a side effect

40. 2 PART Oxidase (+) Nonenteric Pathogens Gram-negative rods Normal flora in animals Facultative anaerobes Optimal temperature : 33 ~ 37 ℃ Motility (-) Bipolar staining Grow well on blood or chocolate agar, but not MacConkey agar Virulent factor : endotoxin (LPS), capsule Most common in human disease : Pasteurella multocida

41. 2 PART Normal flora in animals Zoonotic infection Opportunistic infection Poultry & wild fowl : cholera-like outbreaks Cattle : outbreaks of hemorrhagic septicemia or pneumonia “shipping fever” Cats & dogs : nasopharynx, tonsils

42. 2 PART Animal bites or scratches → local abscess → immunocompromised patients : septicemic complication (Central nerve system, heart) Treatment : Penicillin, Tetracycline, Cepahlosporin

44. 2 PART Tiny, gram-negative pleomorphic rods Fastidious & sensitive to dry, temperature, disinfectants Not grow on blood agar, require for Blood factor - factor X: necessary component of cytochromes, catalase, peroxidase - factor V: important coenzyme Chocolate agar, Filed medium

45. 2 PART Nonvirulent species : normal colonist of the upper respiratory tract or vagina Virulent species - H. influenzae - H. aegyptius ( conjunctivitis ) - H. ducreyi ( chancroid ) - H. parainfluenzae ( childhood miningitis ), - H. aphrophilus

46. 2 PART Isolated from patients with ‘flu’, but the causative agent → influenza virus Acute bacterial meningitis : By the ‘b’ serotype, children ( 3 months ~ 5 years )

47. 2 PART Haemophilus meningitis → Not associated with epidemics, but sporadic cases or cluster in daycare & family settings → Very similar symptom to meningococcal meningitis Haemophilus infections → Transmitted by close contact, nose & throat discharges → Healthy adult carriers : reservoirs of the bacillus → Untreated cases : fatality rate is 90%

48. 2 PART Epiglottitis → In older children & young adults → Immediate intubation or tracheostomy Otitis media, Sinusitis, Pneumonia, Bronchitis Treatment - chloramphenicol + ampicillin - rifampin prophylaxis combination with DTaP Prevention - vaccination - subunit vaccine ( Hib ) → based on type ‘b’ polysaccharide

49. 2 PART Diseases : acute communicable ‘conjunctivitis’ (pinkeye) In children, by contaminated fingers & shared personal items, gnats & flies Treatment : antibiotic eyedrops

50. 2 PART Diseases : chancroid ( soft chancre ) - STD In the tropics & subtropics, mostly males direct contact with infected lesions unclean personal habits. Treatment : cotrimoxazole

51. 2 PART Normal oral & nasopharyngeal flora Diseases : infective endocarditis in adults (underlying congenital or rheumatic heart disease) Periodontal disease, oral injury

54. 1 QUIZ ① Resistance in soaps, dyes, disinfectants, drugs and drying ② Ubiquitous pathogen ③ Virulent factors ④ endotoxins ⑤ Opportunistic 1. Which is NOT characteristic of the pseudomonas aeruginosa?

55. 2 QUIZ ① Facultative anaerobes ② Grow well on MacConkey agar, but not blood or chocolate agar ③ Non-motility ④ Oxidase (+) Nonenteric Pathogens ⑤ Bipolar staining

56. 3 QUIZ 3. What is the meaning of following information? necessary component of cytochromes, catalase, peroxidase in haemophilus

57. 4 QUIZ 4. Which following is not true about Brucellosis? ① It is also called Undulant fever, Malta fever, Bang’s disease ② It is caused by Brucella ③ Human Brucellosis cause abortion ④ Its treatment is combination of tetracycline and rifampin or streptomycin ⑤ Human Bucellosis cause sever febrile illness

58. 5 QUIZ ① Disseminated intravascular coagulation, subcutaneous hemorrhage, necrosis, gangrene. ② Visible darkening of the skin, “black death.” ③ necrosis & swelling of the local lymph nodes ④ Highly contagious through sputum, aerosols

59. 6 QUIZ 6. Which of following is not true about Bordetella pertussis ? ① destroy and dislodge ciliated cells ② encapsulated coccobacillus ③ Responsible for pertussis ④ recognize ciliated respiratory epithelial cells ⑤ Indirect contact with droplets, inhalation of infection aerosols

60. Foundations in Microbiology / McGrow-hill Education / Kathleen Park Talaro / 7 th edition / 2008 진단미생물학 / 현문사 / 김양호 외 5 명 / 2002 최신진단미생물학 / 서흥출판사 / 정윤섭 외 6 명 / 제 4 판 / 2009 병원미생물학 / 고려의학 / 권필승 외 4 명 / 제 3 판 / 2011