1. Punctuation Apostrophes are used in contractions: should + not = shouldn’t; he + has = he’s to form possessive nouns when used with an s: Laura’s pottery; Derek’s bike. to form the plural of a letter, number, symbol, or a word when used with an s: 7’s; B’s; too few the’s.

2. Let’s Practice Use apostrophes to make contractions from these words. They will we are She will I am Have not would have Must not are not You will it is She had they are

3. Continue… Use apostrophes to form possessive nouns from these words. For example, the pottery of Laura can be written as Laura’s pottery. The book of Jake the display of the store The speed of the jet the glove of Mara The field of the farmer the rake of the father The gift of the girl the stars of the sky

4. Colon and Semicolon A colon is often used to set off items in a sentence. For example, colons are used to: to introduce a list: These are my favorite things: CD’s, books, movies, pizza. to introduce a long or formal quotation: As the proverb says: “Pride goeth before a fall”. after a salutation in a former letter: Dear Mr. Henderson: or Dear Madam: between numbers to show hours and minutes: 7:23 am A semicolon can be used in various ways. For example, a semicolon can be used:

5. Continue… To separate items in a series where commas are also used: We visited Winnipeg, Manitoba; Toronto, Ontario; and Montreal. To join independent clauses in a compound sentence: We drove until dawn; our fuel ran out at sunrise. Between independent clauses joined by a transition word: The trip was great; however, I really didn’t like all the rain. Semicolons can be used between clauses joined by transition words. What are transition words?

6. Transition Words Consequently Instead Otherwise Furthermore Moreover Therefore However Nevertheless Thus

7. Continue… Insert semicolons where needed: a. We saw a very energetic show furthermore, it was the best concert put on this year! b. I walked for an hour I was too tired to go on. c. The police officers checked at 102 Bleaker Street, Billingston 399 Whitting Road, Centretown and 24 Thaliard Avenue, Rollinston.

8. Continue… Complete the following sentences using transition words from the list we came up with. a. We tried to get the job done;, we didn’t complete everything. b. I found the map;, I was able to get to the treasure. c. Too many cars are on the street;, the traffic is not all that bad. d. We told them to go this way;, they went that way