1. Big Idea : Enduring Understanding Why do cells need energy? What are forms of energy? Where do cells get energy from?

2. Energy Uses

3. Energy Sources

4. Energy Energy can not be created or destroyed but can be?

5. ATP/ADP ATP- - more ADP- -

6. Reaction / Cycle ATP is the actual molecule that cells use for energy ATP ------> ADP + P + Energy (for the cell to use)

7. ATP Cycle

8. Energy to Make More ATP ADP + P + Energy ------> ATP Where does the energy to make ATP come from? Sunlight, Glucose, Food are not used for energy. They are used to make ATP!

9. So how does the energy from food/sun get to the ATP? You need a carrier!!!!

10. RedOx Review LEO- GER- Which as more energy?

11. Carriers NADNADH NADPNADPH FADFADH2

12. So… Food / Sun is used to reduce the carriers The carriers get oxidized to produce ATP

13. HW

14. Photosynthesis Simplified

15. Photosynthesis Simplified Reaction Sunlight + Water + Carbon Dioxide > Carbohydrates + Oxygen But what is the sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide used for? And where does the carbohydrates and oxygen come from?

16. Two Main Phases of Photosynthesis I Light Dependent Reaction II Light Independent Reaction

17. Light Dependent Reaction Reactants?Products? Flow of Electrons?

18. Carbon Cycle CO2 Gas Photosynthesis Carbon Organic Form Cellular Respiration Biochemical Pathway

19. Leaf Structure

20. Chloroplast Structure Thylakoid, Granum, Stroma

21. Visible Light Pigment -

22. Absorption Spectrum Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Carotenoids

23. Electron Transport: Process Site Process

24. ETC: Restoring Photosystem II

25. Chemiosmosis Occurs during which Photosystem? Concentration Gradient of? Produces

26. Light Dependent Reaction Summary Products: Reactants: But, In the overall Photosynthesis Reaction: Sunlight+ water+ Carbon Dioxide > Carbohydrates + oxygen We have explained the sunlight, water and oxygen So what about the carbon dioxide and carbohydrate?

27. Light Independent Reaction Does not need? But does need?

28. Carbon Fixation Site

29. Light Independent Reaction Process / conversions Energy from?

30. Light Independent Reaction Summary Products: Reactants:

31. Balance sheet To make one glucose molecule which requires two PGAL the cycle must occur six times, therefore; For 1 Glucose requires ? ATP’s ? NADPH’s So one Glucose has a whole lotta energy

32. Photosynthesis Overall Reaction 6H 2 0 + 6CO 2 --- LIGHT--  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Can you explain each, precisely, detailed? What is the H 2 0 for? What is the CO 2 for? What does the light do? Where does C 6 H 12 O 6 the come from? Where does the O 2 come from?

33. Quiz Today Clear of desk 10 minutes

34. C-4 Plants For plants growing in When CO2 levels are ?

35. C-4 Pathway Uses, makes Requires Examples

36. Cam Plants Uses CAM to fix carbon at to use Why?

37. Photosynthesis Kinetics How can you change the rate of Photosynthesis? Well, what do you need for photosynthesis -

38. Pg 120.

39. Energy continues So now you got the energy into the organic compounds How do you get it out, ie. use it!!! Depends on what you are, you use either -

40. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration CO2 + H2O + Energy > Organic Compounds + O2 O2 + Organic Compounds > CO2 + H2O + Energy* *Energy as what? All living things use ATP for cellular energy, ALL LIVING THINGS (this includes….)

41. Role of ATP Reaction Review ADP + P + Energy > ATP But where does the energy for this reaction come from, and it is not the SUN

42. Energy from FOOD Food is used to make ATP But how does food get to ATP?

43. How is Food Metabolized to ATP Fermentation Cellular Respiration

44. Cellular Respiration: General General Reaction:

45. The Cycle begin with: Glycolysis

46. Process Continues Either Anaerobic or Aerobic Depends one whether there is O2

47. Anaerobic Process? Does not require?

48. Aerobic Process? Does require?

49. Glycolysis Glycolysis-

50. Glycolysis Site

51. Glycolysis Process Glucose and two Glucose split PGAL is converted toand Final conversion

52. Where do you go from here? FermentationorCellular Respiration

53. Fermentation An Alternative to Cellular Respiration Anaerobic Produces but not (that is from Glycolysis) Two types: Lactic Acid, Alcoholic

54. Fermentation Measure and record the size of the “bubble” in your test tube List data in your appropriate group on the board

55. Lactic Acid Fermentation Products:

56. Lactobacillus

57. Muscle Cramps/Rigor Cause: Build up of Lactic Acid due to lack of oxygen, cells switch from respiration to Lactic acid fermentation

58. Rigor Mortis

59. Alcoholic Fermentation Products:

60. Organism!

61. Products

62. Fermentation Summary Net ATP = Efficiency – Useful only for-

63. HW pg 131

64. Cellular Respiration Simplified Reaction Food + oxygen > + Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water Aerobic- But what is the food, and oxygen used for? And where does the energy and carbon dioxide and water come from?

65. Cellular Respiration Major Stages Preparatory Phase, follows Gylcolysis Citric Acid Cycle/ Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

66. Mitochondria Structure is related to? Site for Cellular Respiration Glycolysis occurs? Similar Organelle?

67. Preparatory Phase Follows Glycolysis Pyruvic Acid is converted to_____________?

68. Citric Acid Cycle/Krebs Cycle 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

69. One Glucose produces NADH FADH2 ATP CO2

70. Products of at the end of the Citric Acid Cycle per 1 Glucose 10 NADH- 2 Glycolysis+ 2 Preparatory Phase + 6 Citric Acid Cycle 2 FADH2 4 ATP = 2 Glycolysis + 2 Citric Acid Cycle 6 CO2 Not much ATP but a lot of? So what do you do???

71. Electron Transport Location-

72. Electron Transport Chain Electron carriers: H+ gradient produces Role of Oxygen

73. Energy Yield Total ATP Efficiency

74. Cellular Respiration Overall Reaction

75. Carbon Cycle The Reactions

76. Other Products

77. Dry Lab