1. Integrating Demand for Good Governance (DFGG) Elements at the Project Level GAC Core Skills Workshop for Task Teams Janmejay Singh (SDV) June 22 nd 2011

2. Demand for Good Governance So what are we trying to do? Integrating DFGG into projects is about setting up systems to ensure that beneficiaries have greater voice; that the project is downwardly accountable to them; and that it responds to their needs

3. Demand for Good Governance There are lots of ways this can be done… Consult beneficiaries in design Involve them in implementation Share information with them and explain what the project is doing (what their entitlements are) Get their feedback routinely Address their complaints Ensure that there are incentives to respond to their needs in project/sector agency structures Create a culture of ‘serving clients’

4. Demand for Good Governance Transparency Accountability Participation Information Disclosure Disclosure of project documentation (project websites, info shop, operational portals,) Right to Information Acts Citizen charters Demystification and Dissemination Community radio programming Community awareness-building campaigns Grievance Redress Mechanisms Formal measures: Ombudsman Citizen grievance committees Complaint boxes Citizen juries Beneficiary/ multi-stakeholder involvement in design and Implementation Beneficiary/ multi-stakeholder involvement in design and Implementation Multi-stakeholder committees Participatory planning and budgeting Structured consultation processes Community-driven development Third Party Monitoring Integrity pacts/social contracts Local oversight committees Participatory expenditure tracking Community scorecards, citizen report cards Consumer satisfaction surveys Social audits Note that capacity building and training plays a big part in all of these!

5. Demand for Good Governance And several OP/BPs do require the use of DFGG instruments… Access to Information Policy – requires public access to key project-related information Fiduciary Policies (OP/BP 10.02) – covers disclosure of financial statements, complaints systems for procurement… Safeguards (OP/BP 4.01, 4.10, 4.12) – covers consultations, disclosure, grievance mechanisms Gender Policy (OP/BP 4.20) – requires assessment of gender impact, focus on participation and needs of women Development Policy Lending (OP 8.60) – requires adequate consultations and participation in preparation

6. Demand for Good Governance But what is important is to not think about DFGG in projects like a checklist or mandated conditionality… All DFGG efforts in an operation should aim to be: RISK INFORMED AND RESULTS ORIENTED This becomes not a ‘tool-based’ approach but a more strategic way of approaching DFGG in projects

7. So projects would look different… “Business As Usual”Business With DFGG Traditional Health project activities, e.g.: 1.Construct facilities 2.Equip health centers 3.Build staff capacity 1.Community Scorecards for mediated citizen involvement (Madagascar) 2.Track public expenditure through surveys (Tanzania) 3.Empower citizen committees to conduct social audits and monitor programs (India, Sri Lanka) Traditional PFM activities, e.g.: 1.Budget credibility 2.IFMIS roll-out 3.Efficiency/ effectiveness in use of public resources 1.Display and dissemination of budget execution reports (Sierra Leone, Cameroon) 2.Oversight by NSAs (Nepal, Sierra Leone) 3.Adopt and institutionalize service charters (Zambia) 4.Promote debate/discourse on budgets (DR) 5.Engage independent monitors (Burkina Faso, Mongolia) Traditional Road project activities, e.g.: 1.Road construction 2.Road financing 3.Maintenance 1.Community involvement in road maintenance (Peru, Uganda) 2.Community oversight in construction (India, Nepal) 3.Social contracts between relevant Ministries/road contractors and road users to ensure commitments on timeline and activities (Paraguay) 7

8. Demand for Good Governance Case Example: Kerela Water Supply and Sanitation Project (Jalanidhi - $53 million)

9. Demand for Good Governance About the Project Pioneered a grassroots approach to WSS Policy Context: Centrally sponsored water and sanitation program had been running in 1980s In 1992, devolution of powers to panchayats (local governments) opened possibility to develop WSP Challenges: Lack of community participation Non-existent oversight Procurement challenges (kickbacks, cartels)

10. Demand for Good Governance DFGG Tools in Jalanidhi Community participation in water and sanitation management (Sanitation Implementation Committees set up and CSOs used as intermediaries) Panchayat bank accounts to avoid leakage, but with NGO rep as co-signatory for withdrawals Social Accountability Contracts Participatory Processes Dissemination of program rules, entitlements for latrine construction and roles of different committees Independent surveys of community awareness of WSS issues to improve future IEC campaigns Transparency and Disclosure Training from international and local sanitation experts Construction quality and methods training Poor women trained as ‘latrine masons’ Capacity Building

11. Demand for Good Governance DFGG tools in Jalanidhi… Community checklist tool to monitor construction Public opening of construction tenders with CSO oversight Independent audits and spot checks Participatory monitoring & Oversight Panchayat level complaints system set up Clear sanctions agreed upon as part of social accountability contracts Grievance Redress Public opening of construction tenders with CSO oversight

12. Demand for Good Governance Results Increased access to sanitation improved community health - more than 68,000 latrines were constructed, 96% of them used properly, with improved health outcomes Latrine construction in Kerala has become 150% cheaper than in centralized state programs Community members improved their awareness of good hygiene Ownership of latrines by poor families increased dramatically State funding of latrine subsidies decreased by 16.4%

13. Demand for Good Governance QUESTIONS? Thank you!!