1. The Industrial Revolution... The shift from an agrarian, hand-made, labor-intensive economy to a machine-made, labor-specialization economy.

2. Industrial Revolution in perspective: Transformation of every facet of society; Accelerated the pace of modernization Increased the size and importance of the middle class Created a new-”working” class Became a force for democracy Hastened the secularization of European life Changed the geography of global interaction Made possible the highest standard of living in human history

3. Early Inventions in the British Textile Industry

4. Charles “Turnip” Townshend – started an Agricultural Revolution

7. Robert Bakewell, Selective Breeding 1710- 370 lbs30 lbs 1800- 769 lbs80 lbs

8. “May Morning,” John Collet, 1760 England's population growth: 1700: 5 million 1780: 9 million 1850: 21 million

9. A traditional spinning wheel

13. John Kay’s Flying Shuttle, 1733- doubled the speed of weaving thread, resulting in “the Yarn Famine”

15. 1764...James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny, - 8 spools of thread from one wheel!

16. Richard Awkright’s Water Frame, 1769 A system of rollers driven by water which spun firmer and finer thread on 100 spools Awkright is known as “the Father of the Factory System.”

18. James Watt’s Steam Engine, 1781

19. Edmund Cartwright’s Power Loom, 1785 Adapted the spinning mule to steam power allowing 200 spools of thread to be spun automatically, with little human interaction

20. Robert Fulton’s Clermont, 1807

21. George Stephenson’s Rocket, 1825

22. One small boy could watch over 2 power looms whose output was 15x greater than a skilled handloom weaver

23. Luddites – displaced weavers rebelled in 1811- angry over their loss of jobs, they attacked and destroyed textile machines throughout England

24. Factory towns spread all over England: Manchester became the cotton capital of the world, eventually to France, Germany and the rest of Europe.

25. In summary… Technological advances in textiles Steam power The new iron age- steel Transportation and communication Incorporation Urbanization The working class Relief and reform

26. Any Questions?