1. Do Now 4/7/15 1.What is the purpose of the lymphatic pathway? 2.What are the subtypes of lymphocytes? How do their functions differ? 3.Which type of T cell promotes the formation of memory cells, B cells, and antibodies? 4.How does the spleen support immune system functioning?

2. Upcoming Dates Tuesday, 4/7: Blood Quiz Corrections due Thursday, 4/9: Blood, Immune/Lymphatic BIG Quiz Friday, 4/17: Digestive Quiz Thursday, 4/23: Digestive Project due Monday, 4/27: Urinary Quiz; Urinary Project due Friday, 5/1: Urinary & Reproductive Test Thursday, 5/7: Semester 2 Final Exam

3. 1. What is HIV? A.A virus B.A bacterium C.A fungus 2. What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? A.HIV is a virus and AIDS is a bacterial disease B.HIV is the virus that causes AIDS C.There is no difference between HIV and AIDS 3. Is there a cure for AIDS? A.Yes B.No C.Only available on prescription 4. Does HIV only affect gay people? A.Yes B.No C.Only gay men D.Only gay women 5. Can you get AIDS from sharing the cup of someone with HIV? A.Yes B.No C.Only if cup isn’t washed 6. Can insects transmit HIV? A.yes B.No C.Only mosquitoes 7. How can you tell if somebody has HIV or AIDS? A.Because of the way they act B.They look tired and ill C.There is no easy way to tell 8. What does HIV stand for? A.Human Immunodeficiency Virus B.Harmful Intravenous Vaccine C.Homosexual Injury Volition 9. What does STD stand for? A.Sexually Transmitted Disease B.Special Treatment Doctor C.Standard Transmission Deficiency 10. When was the term 'AIDS' defined? A.1977 B.1982 C.1987 11. Which practice puts you most at risk of becoming infected with HIV? A.Kissing B.Using the same toilet as an infected person C.Unprotected vaginal sex D.Anal sex with a condom 12. What is abstinence? A.To refrain from sex B.To only have sex with one partner C.To lose your virginity

4. HIV Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets the Helper-T cells – Infects and destroys Helper-T cells over a period of time (months to years) Some Helper-T cells are programmed to produce HIV RNA at such a rapid rate that they burst Some Helper-T cells are targeted and destroyed by other immune cells Over time, Helper-T cells levels become dangerously low, resulting in an extremely weak immune system

5. HIV Resides in body fluids (blood, semen, vaginal secretions, even breast milk) Can be transmitted through exchange of bodily fluids 90% of all HIV transmissions are currently transmitted among heterosexual populations Since the 1980s, over 60 million have become infected and over 27 million have died

6. HIV Symptoms Flulike symptoms or no symptoms at all Symptoms can disappear Virus can mutate to avoid lymphocyte detection HIV replicates at faster rate than healthy Helper-T cells HIV tests looks for evidence of HIV antibodies in the blood (antibodies can take up to 6 months to develop)

7. When does HIV become AIDS? When Helper-T cell count drops below 200 cells per cubic milliliter – A healthy level would be 800-1200 cells per cubic milliliter An “opportunistic” infection can occur due to weakened immune system – Account for 80% of all AIDS-related deaths

8. HIV Immunity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34GeUa7 RzvY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34GeUa7 RzvY What causes HIV resistance? Why is the CCR5 mutation more common in people of European descent? Why would the CCR5 mutation still exist in humans even though the bubonic plague was 700 years ago?

9. Treatment??? Antiretrovirals – 4 main groups attacks HIV in different ways 1.HIV needs an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to infect healthy cells so two types of antiretrovirals inhibit this enzyme so HIV is unable to infect cells and duplicate (only affect non-infected cells) 2.Protease is a digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins and HIV uses it to attack healthy chains of enzymes and cut them into smaller pieces and the small pieces infect new cells. One type of antiretroviral inhibits this enzyme (affects non-infected and infected cells) 3.One type of antiretrovirals blocks the proteins on the surface of HIV used to attach to host cells to prevent reproduction of the virus

10. Immune System Disorders DiseaseRounds Question Psoriasis Arthritis Grave’s disease Myasthenia gravis Multiple sclerosis Type I diabetes HIV/AIDS

11. Exit Ticket 1.How can HIV be transmitted? 2.What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? 3.How does HIV infect the body? Specifically discuss the host cell involved. 4.What are antiretrovirals and how do they work? 5.Why are some people HIV resistant? Explain the specific mechanism involved.