1. 1 “MAKING SENSE OF REMOTE SENSING” CDAWG 2008 CONFERENCE Dean Saito, Manager On-Road Mobile Source Strategies South Coast AQMD

2. 2 SCAQMD Programs Utilizing Remote Sensing Technology High Emitter Repair Or Scrappage Program (HEROS) High Emitter Repair Or Scrappage Program (HEROS) AB 1222 Locomotive Program AB 1222 Locomotive Program Heavy Duty Truck Monitoring Program Heavy Duty Truck Monitoring Program

3. 3 High Emitter Repair or Scrap Program (HEROS) Assembly Bill 923 Assembly Bill 923 High Emitter Identification Via Remote Sensing High Emitter Identification Via Remote Sensing Vehicle Repair Assistance - $500 Per Vehicle Vehicle Repair Assistance - $500 Per Vehicle Vehicle Retirement - $1,000 Per Vehicle Vehicle Retirement - $1,000 Per Vehicle Low Income Eligible Consumers Low Income Eligible Consumers –Documentation of low emission vehicle or cleaner replacement vehicle –Additional $1,000 incentive

4. 4 AQMD Remote Sensing Program Moyer Funded Moyer Funded –Subject to cost effectiveness threshold of $14,300/ton of pollutants reduced Program Components Program Components –Remote sensing –Database development –Outreach to and solicitation of vehicle owners –Repair or scrapping of high emitting vehicles

5. 5 HEROS Background Repair or Scrap High Emitting Vehicles Identified by Remote Sensing Repair or Scrap High Emitting Vehicles Identified by Remote Sensing Goals Goals –1 million unique vehicle RSD readings –3,000 to 5,000 vehicles voluntary participation $4 Million Budget $4 Million Budget Contractors: ESP, FCCC, and Pick-Your-Part Contractors: ESP, FCCC, and Pick-Your-Part

6. 6 Remote Sensing – Mobile Source

7. 7 DMV Vehicle Description Doesn’t Match Photo Not Registered in Air Basin Within 90 Days DMV Data Matched to License Plates 2 4 ESP Not Registered Continuously for Previous 24 Months* * Limited Exceptions Allowed Under Carl Moyer Guidelines Within 6 Months FCCC 1 3 Verify Photos Match DMV’s Vehicle Descriptions

8. 8 Remote Sensing Non-Repeated Valid Readings (NRVR)

9. 9 Remote Sensing Data Cumulative Number of Unique Vehicles Reported as High Emitters (per FCCC)

10. 10 2007 High Emitter Rates Percent of Measurements Average On-Road Emissions (No I/M)

11. 11 2007 High Emitter Rates Alberta, Canada & Michigan – No I/M Northern Virginia has I/M Similar to California’s

12. 12 AB 1222, Jones (2005) Remote Sensing Pilot Program for Railroad Locomotives Pilot program to determine the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing device technology to measure emissions from in-use locomotives. Pilot program to determine the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing device technology to measure emissions from in-use locomotives. State of California to work thru Advisory Group : State of California to work thru Advisory Group : –experts in remote sensing, locomotive engine technology, representatives of citizen community groups, SCAQMD, Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD, UPRR and BNSF Railway.

13. 13 AB 1222 – Pilot Program Design Three Phase Program –Phase 1- Proof of Concept: adapt RSD to locomotive exhaust characteristics and operations, e.g. Line Haul and Yard operations. –Phase 2 - Field Measurements: In-Use Line- haul and Yard locomotive monitoring. –Phase 3 - Correlation Testing: Simultaneous emissions measuring using RSD and EPA Federal Test Procedure (FTP).

14. 14 Phase One – RSD Adaptation Locomotive Test Site - Pueblo, CO Locomotive Test Site - Pueblo, CO Two Designs Tested Two Designs Tested –Conventional (transmitter and reflector across exhaust stream) –Collection (exhaust cooled and brought to ground level RSD system) Collection design selected Collection design selected

15. 15 Phase One - Designs Conventional RSD Design- Pole-mounted RSD Transmitter and Reflector Exhaust Collection Design with Ground Based RSD

16. 16 Phase Two – Measuring Emissions from In-Use Locomotives Three Line-haul Sites Three Line-haul Sites –Two in the Cajon Pass – So. Calif. Rate >100 locomotives/day Rate >100 locomotives/day 1000+ locomotives monitored over 17 days 1000+ locomotives monitored over 17 days –Weimar – No. Ca One Yard Site – Colton, Ca One Yard Site – Colton, Ca

17. 17 Phase Two – Cajon Pass Exhaust Collection System RSD Equipment on Ground Line-haul Locomotive /Train Passing under Exhaust Collector

18. 18 Phase Three at Roseville Yard

19. 19 Phase 3 – RSD/FTP Correlation Simultaneous measurement of locomotive emissions: Simultaneous measurement of locomotive emissions: – Line haul duty cycle with RSD – U.S. EPA Federal Test Procedure (FTP) certification testing (40 CFR Part 92) – Blind testing (no sharing of results during tests). Two locomotives tested Jan./Feb. 2008 by ESP and SwRI: Two locomotives tested Jan./Feb. 2008 by ESP and SwRI: –UP9611 (Tier 0) –UP5436 (Tier 2)

20. 20 Summary of AB1222 CARB developing final report with input from Advisory Group CARB developing final report with input from Advisory Group Preliminary findings indicate RSD has potential to accurately measure in-use locomotive emissions (Phase 2) Preliminary findings indicate RSD has potential to accurately measure in-use locomotive emissions (Phase 2) –Majority of in-use locomotives appear high emitters –May provide means of identifying high emitters May provide satisfactory means of evaluating EPA’s locomotive emission standards on-site (Phase 3). May provide satisfactory means of evaluating EPA’s locomotive emission standards on-site (Phase 3).

21. Remote Sensing Heavy Duty Trucks Remote Sensing Measurements of Emissions from On-Road Heavy- Duty Diesel Vehicles

22. 22 Background July 2008 executed contracts to cosponsor remote sensing measurements of emissions from on-road Heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDV) July 2008 executed contracts to cosponsor remote sensing measurements of emissions from on-road Heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDV) HDDV are significant contributors to the On- Road vehicle emissions in the South Coast Air Basin HDDV are significant contributors to the On- Road vehicle emissions in the South Coast Air Basin Historical On-Road HDDV emissions data are needed because HDDV emissions are expected to experience significant changes: Historical On-Road HDDV emissions data are needed because HDDV emissions are expected to experience significant changes: –Port Drayage Truck Regulation (CARB) –Proposed In-Use On-Road Heavy-Duty Diesel Regulation (CARB) –Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle/Engine Standard ( U.S. EPA, 2010)

23. 23 Background (cont’d) Historical On-Road HDDV emissions data are needed because HDDV emissions are expected to experience significant changes: Historical On-Road HDDV emissions data are needed because HDDV emissions are expected to experience significant changes: –Port Drayage Truck Regulation (CARB) –Proposed In-Use On-Road Heavy-Duty Diesel Regulation (CARB) –Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle/Engine Standard ( U.S. EPA, 2010)

24. 24 Objective To obtain On-Road HDDV emissions baseline To obtain On-Road HDDV emissions baseline To examine how HDDV emissions are impacted by changing fleet regulations and new HDDV emission standards over the next few years To examine how HDDV emissions are impacted by changing fleet regulations and new HDDV emission standards over the next few years

25. 25 Statement of Work Remote sensing measurements of On-Road HDDV emissions at two locations: Remote sensing measurements of On-Road HDDV emissions at two locations: –Port of Los Angeles (funded by AQMD) –Weigh Station on Fwy 91 (funded by National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL) Study Time Period: 2008-2012 Study Time Period: 2008-2012 –One week’s measurements at each location each year (except for 2011) –Quarterly reports and annual report required during study period

26. 26 Contractors University of Denver (DU) University of Denver (DU) –Field Measurements CO 2, CO, HC, NO, NO 2, SO 2, NH 3 CO 2, CO, HC, NO, NO 2, SO 2, NH 3 –Data Analysis and Reporting ESP ESP –Field Measurements CO 2, CO, HC, NO, PM CO 2, CO, HC, NO, PM

27. 27 Resources Impacts AQMDNRELTotal DU$161,041$161,041$322,082 ESP$38,000---$38,000 Total$199,041$161,041$360,082

28. 28 Governing Board Action Executed contracts with the University of Denver and ESP to conduct this study at a cost not to exceed $161,041 and $38,000, respectively, from the Clean Fuels Fund. Executed contracts with the University of Denver and ESP to conduct this study at a cost not to exceed $161,041 and $38,000, respectively, from the Clean Fuels Fund.

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30. 30 Courtesy of NBC

31. 31 Thank you

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