1. Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Surankote Poonch (J&K) Presentation by Kamal Kumar, PGT English

2. Past Tenses Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous

3. Simple Past Tense :- Uses To talk about finished actions in the past:  One action after the other:  “She opened the door, turned on the lights and entered the room”  An action that happened in a certain situation.  “The car knocked the child down when he was crossing the road”  A short action finished in the past (you indicate when it happened with an adverb of Time):  “Yesterday, I arrived at home too late”.  A finished actions that takes a long period of time (indicated in the sentese ):  “I lived in Britain when I was young”

4. Simple Past Tense :- Structures  Past Simple  Past Simple:  Affirmative : Subject + Verb-II  Negative : Subject + did not/didn’t + Verb(basic form)  Interrogative : Did + Subject + Verb (basic form) Examples : We ate many apples. I did not go to Madras last week. Did you fly kites yesterday ? Did she not sing a sweet song ?

5. Past Continuous Tense :- Uses  To talk about an action in progress in the past:  “At midday last Sunday, I was working with my laptop”  To express the situation in which action happened in the past:  “The little kid was crossing the road when a car knocked him down”  To talk about the context in which the events of a story happened:  “It was getting dark, the sun was beginning to hide behind the hills. Suddenly, a strange red light appeared in the sky”  To talk about two actions that were taking place simultaneously in the past:  “My wife was cooking food while I was busy with my computer.”

6. Past Continuous Tense:- Structures  Past Continuous:  Affirmative : Subject + was/were + Verb-ing  Negative : Subject + was/were + not (wasn’t/weren’t) +Verb-ing  Interrogative : Was/Were + Subject + Verb-ing ? Examples : I was looking at the bridge. We were not making a noise. Was the train moving ? Was he lying in bed due to sickness?

7. Past Perfect Tense :- Uses.  To express a finished action that took place before another completed action in the past.  “My family had already arrived before I left”.  “After we had finished dinner, we got ready to go out.”  “When the police arrived, the murderer had killed everyone”.  “By the time we met, I had eaten all the packets of chips” Past Continuous Future Past Simple Past Perfect Present

8. Past Perfect Tense: Structures  Past Perfect Simple  Affirmative : Subject + had + Verb-III  Negative: Subject + had + not (hadn’t)+ Verb-III  Interrogative: Had + Subject + Verb-III ? Examples : I had finished my homework. We had not revised our lesson. Had she not deceived me ? Had you not received his letter after a week ?

9. Past Perfect Conti Tense: Uses & Stru  Uses : to show how long something was done for by a certain time.  Past Simple  Past Simple:  Affirmative : Subject + had been + Verb-I+ing + since/for + time clause.  Negative: Subject + had not + been + Verb-I+ing + since / for + time clause.  Interrogative: Had + Subject + been + Verb-I+ing + since/for + time clause. Examples : I had been reading the book since morning. We had not been swimming in the river since 4 PM. Had She been preparing food for 2 hours ? Had they not been laughing for 20 minutes ?

10. Practice Exercise :-  Make all 16 sentences using the above structures for each of the sentence :- a)I took a cup of tea. b)We went to the market. c)You completed your homework. d)He ate his lunch. e)I came late in the class. f)They worked hard to pass the examination. g)It rained. h)Rahul showed me his paitings. i)She sang a song in the morning assembly. j)Someone stole my pen.

12.  I went to market last week.  We sang a song in the annual day celebration.  Did the leaf not fall from the tree ?

13.  I was watching a movie.  He was riding a horse.  Were they doing their homework ?

14.  He had passed the examination in 1995.  The train had not left the station.  Had she made a lot of noise in the meeting ?

15.  They had been working since morning.  He had been teaching for 2 hours.  Had it been drizzling since 5 O’clock ?

17. TENSEAFFIRMATIVENEGATIVEINTERROGATIVEADVERBS AND EXPRESSIONS PRESENT SIMPLE I play football He plays football I do not / don’t play football He does not / doesn’t play football Do I play football? Does he play football? sometimes never always often rarely everyday on+day of the week at weekends PRESENT CONTINU OUS I am playing football He is playing football I am not / I’m not playing football He is not / isn’t playing football Am I intelligent? Is he intelligent? now right now at the moment today

18. TENSEAFFIRMATIVENEGATIVEINTERROGATIVEADVERBS AND EXPRESSIONS PAST SIMPLE I played football I went to the cinema (2nd column) I did not / didn’t play football I did not / didn’t go to the cinema Did I play football? Did I go to the cinema? yesterday last (+day, month…) (days, months…) +ago when PAST CONTI. He was playing football They were playing football He was not / He wasn’t playing football They were not / weren’t playing football Was he intelligent? Were they intelligent? at (+time) while as

19. TENSEAFFIRMATIVENEGATIVEINTERROGATIVEADVERBS AND EXPRESSIONS PAST SIMPLE I played football I went to the cinema (2nd column) I did not / didn’t play football I did not / didn’t go to the cinema Did I play football? Did I go to the cinema? yesterday last (+day, month…) (days, months…) +ago when PRESENT PERFECT I have played football He has played football I have not / haven’t played football He has not / hasn’t played football Have I played football? Has he played football? ever never just since for already yet

20. TENSEAFFIRMATIVENEGATIVEINTERROGATIVEADVERBS AND EXPRESSIONS FUTURE (WILL) She will go to the cinema She will not /won’t go to the cinema Will she go to the cinema? tomorrow next (+week, month…) think believe predict hope FUTURE (BE GOING TO) He is going to study Maths at university He is not / isn’t going to study Maths at university Is he going to study Maths at university? tomorrow next (+week, month…) I’m sure plan decide

21. A. Write the verbs in brackets in the correct tense: The train.......... (arrive) an hour ago. She.......... (read) at the moment........... (watch) TV when the phone.......... (ring). He.......... (just / finish) all his exams. I.......... (know) John since we were at school. I.......... (not watch) television every night. The people.......... (clap) while the singer.......... (sing). I think they.......... (be) very happy together. They.......... (not / reply) to our question yet........... (You work) now? She.......... (see) her parents every week. I.......... (not study) at the moment........... (she / play) tennis at weekends? They’ve made plans for the campaign. They.......... design) posters. We.......... (go) to the concert when we.......... (see) the accident. Tom.......... (just / finish) his book. I.......... (never / be) to South America. How long.......... (you / study) English? People believe that global warming.......... (get) worse. She’s decided that she.......... (give) them a thousand pounds.

22. B. Write the correct auxiliary verb:am,is,are,was,were,do,does,did,have,has,will.  He ………. playing the guitar at the moment.  Jackie ………. lived in Paris for a few months.  Which sports ………. he like?  They ………. travelled all over the world.  Peter ………. going to fly to London next Thursday.  Do you think the current government ………. change soon?  Jane ………. doing her homework when I came home last night.  When ………. you arrive last night?  I ………. watching TV right now.  They ………. listening to the radio at the moment.  ………. you ever been to Rome?  She ………. just finished her homework.  They ………. go to New York next summer.  We ………. having lunch when they arrived.  I ……….. not go to the cinema yesterday.  ………. You ever met someone famous?  I ………. having coffee when she arrived.  I think she ………. pass her exams.  We’ve made plans for the summer. We ………. going to travel around the world.  What time ………. you arrive tonight?