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Do you agree or disagree with this statement? “Memory is what makes our lives… Without it, we are nothing”.
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What is Memory? Test, Test 2TestTest 2 The process by which we recollect prior experiences, information and skills learned in the past.
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Types of Memory
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3 Types of memory 1.)Semantic –facts, concepts, words, definitions, and languages. –General Knowledge Trivia 2.)Episodic – specific events, personal experiences or activities. Never forget your first kiss. –9-11, Kennedy Assassination, Challenger Explosion.
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Example of Episodic Flashbulb Memory Flashbulb Memory Vivid recollections Great detail Dramatic or emotionally charged incidents Of interest to person Encoded effortlessly and retained
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3.) Implicit Memory Things that are implied or not clearly stated. Consist of skills and procedures you have already learned. –Throwing a ball –Riding a bike –Catching a ball –Water Skiing
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What type of memories are these?
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What kind of memory is this?
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Who is this? What type of memory is this picture displaying?
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What type of memory is this?
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How many sides does a stop sign have?
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JFK Assassination
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Short-Term Memory “Working Memory”
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Limited Duration Short-term lasts 2 to 30 seconds Maintenance rehearsal – repeat or rehearse information = stays with you longer
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Limited Capacity Can hold only seven items at one time Interference – new information enters short-term and pushes out information that is already there
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3 Processes of Memory 1.) Encoding: The translation of information into a form in which it can be stored. 1 st stage of processing information.
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Read 155-156 In your notes write the following sequence of letters. OTTFFSSENT Look at the list for 30 seconds and memorize as much of the list that you can.
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Visual Codes Form a mental picture of letters in your mind.
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Acoustic Codes Read the list to yourself and repeat several times. Acoustic code works by recording the letters in your memory as a sequence of sounds.
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Semantic Codes Attempt to make sense of the letters. Example: OTTFFSSENT The last 4 letters spells the word SENT. Semantic means relating to memory. The letters may represent words.
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Process of Memory Storage: 2 nd process of memory. Storage is maintaining information in the brain after it has been encoded.
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Ways to remember new information. Maintenance Rehearsal: Repeat information over and over again. Elaborative Rehearsal: Make new information meaningful by relating it to information you already know.
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3 rd Process of Memory Retrieval: locating stored information in the brain and returning it to conscious thought. Information that is familiar and hard to forget. –Your name, family and friends names.
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Write down the list of letters discussed earlier. OTTFFSSENT
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Ways to Retrieve Information
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Context Dependent Memory Context of a memory is the situation in which a person had the experience being remembered. Such memories are dependent on the place where they were encoded and stored.
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Context Dependent Memory Continued Study: Students do better on tests when they study for the test in the same room the test will be given.
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State Dependent Memories Retrieve memories better when the person is the same emotional state that the memory was stored in. Feelings of Happiness: Tend to bring back memories of when the person was happy.
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Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon You feel you know something, but you can’t verbalize it. It is right on the tip of your tongue.
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Chunking Combine separate items into a larger unit Remember chunks, not individual parts George Miller
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Separate Memory Systems
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Primacy vs. Recency Primacy – tendency to remember items at the beginning of a list Recency – tendency to remember items at the end of a list
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Procedural Memory Procedural – skills, habits, and things learned through conditioning
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Unusual Memories
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Photographic Form sharp, detailed visual images after examining something for a short period of time Can recall the entire image at a later date Occurs in adults
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Eidetic Imagery Occurs in children Examine something for 10-30 seconds Retain image in mind for several minutes Detail visual image
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How Many Numbers Can You Remember?
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34875
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Write it down!
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902321
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4608435
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32989826
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690825360
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3508236401
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80204360822
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398282049601
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6980294022698
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19073982259087
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209841109850349
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Memory Test
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