1. And Beowulf Sarsen uprights of Stonehenge III, erected about 2000 BC northwest of Salisbury in Wiltshire, England.

2. Britain before 1066 c.5000 - Neolithic (new stone age) Period begins. 4000 B.C.-1500B.C.The first farmers, Stonehenge and other relics. 1500B.C.– A.D. 43 Britain as a country of small tribes living in hill fort. The Stone Age progressed to the Bronze Age and Iron Age. A.D.43 – A.D.410 Britain under Roman rule. A.D. 410 - 1066 Anglo Saxon Britain

3. Age of Heroes The earliest settlers Celts 55 B.C. to A.D. 407 Roman Empire About A.D. 450 Angles, Saxons and Jutes—King Arthur(500 A.D.) From the later part of the 8 th century Vikings (Danes)—King Alfred the Great(849-899) A.D.1066Normans The expedition in 55 B.C. almost ended disastrously. The resistance of the natives was unexpectedly spirited. It was with difficulty that he effected a landing and Caesar made little headway.

4. Hard Times for Romans A.D. 43-410, Britain under Roman rule. ^Picts were apparently never defeated by the Romans The Picts of Scotland broke through Hadrian's wall (117 kilometers long) several times since A.D. 197 > Roman Empire(27 B.C. to A.D. 476)

5. Boadicea, the Warrior Queen Tacitus (a.d. 55?-120? ) wrote that the Warrior Queen, Boudicca, was flogged and her daughters raped. As it turned out, the Iceni rose to the urgings and commands of an outraged mother, and queen. The Warrior Queen, who fought the might of Rome may indeed have received some recognition of her revenge objectives, because in 1902, a bronze statue of her riding high in her chariot, designed by Thomas Thorneycroft, was placed on the Thames embankment next to the Houses of Parliament in the old Roman capital of Britain, Londinium; now known as London. A Roman writer named Dio Cassius presented a description of Boudicca "In stature, she was very tall, in appearance most terrifying, in the glance of her eye, most fierce, and her voice was harsh; a great mass of the tawniest hair fell to her hips; around her neck was a large golden necklace; and she wore a tunic of various colors over which a thick mantle was fastened with a brooch. This was her invariable attire."

6. Anglo Saxon Britain(A.D.410-1066) In A.D. 410, The last Roman legions and trained British auxiliaries withdrew from Britain, leaving the Celts to defend themselves against the Picts and Irish In A.D. 450, receiving no aid from Rome to fight off the Picts and Irish, the British Celts appealed to the Jutes for help.

7. Various Teutonic tribes combined to produce small kingdoms Anglo Saxon Britain(A.D.410-1066) King Arthur (around a.d. 500) King Alfred the Great (849-899)

8. King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table (around A.D. 500 ) Camelot in Somersetshire

9. The Legendary King

10. King Alfred the Great

11. Christianization In A.D. 597, St. Augustine arrived in England with 40 priests from Italy The Lindisfarne Gospels (about 698-721)

12. Britain and China before 1066 BritainChina c.5000 - Neolithic (new stone age) Period begins. c. 8000- Neolithic Period begins 4000B.C. - 1500B.C. The first farmers, Stonehenge and other relics. 2100B.C.-1100B.C. Xia, Shang Dynasties 1500B.C. – A.D. 43 Britain as a country of small tribes living in hill fort. The Stone Age progressed to the Bronze Age and Iron Age. 1100B.C.-A.D. 24 Zhou Dynasty (Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States), Qin Dynasty, Western Han A.D.43 – A.D.410 Britain under Roman rule. A.D. 25-A.D. 420 Eastern Han, Three Kingdoms, Western Jin Dynasty, Eastern Jin Dynasty A.D. 410 - 1066 Anglo Saxon Britain A.D. 420-A.D. 960 Northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties

13. Britain and China before 1066

14. Northumbrian School and Wessex Literature Northumbrian School –centre –Caedmon(?-A.D.680) –Saint Bede the Venerable (673-735) Wessex literature –period and shift of learning centre –King Alfred’s contributions Anglo-Saxon Poetry

15. Assignment Please read from p.6-p.22.