2. Fungi are no longer considered plants because they: 1. Reproduce by haploid spores

3. 2. Made of long filaments called hyphae 3. Have cell walls made of chitin

4. 4. Do not have chlorophyll 5. Digest their food before they ingest it ( Extracellular digestion, also known as absorption feeders )

5. Most Fungi are saprophytic, some are parasitic Fungi grow in moist, dark, warm places

6. Fungi reproduce asexually by fragmentation, budding, and spore production

7. Most fungi also reproduce sexually Fungi are classified by the way they reproduce

8. There are more than 65,000 species of fungi; most are microscopic

9. Septum Hyphae structure True MoldsAll other fungi Pore

10. Part II: Classification There are 4 phyla of fungi

11. Phylum:Zygomycota Structure: many interwoven hyphae with numerous spore- bearing stalks called sporangiophores sticking up

12. Sporangiophore

13. Asexual rep: haploid spores growing on stalks Sexual rep: fusion of hyphae, develops a zygospore

14. Zygospore

15. Habitat: soil; baked goods; most are terrestrial; some parasitic on insects

16. Example 1: Cordyceps (parasitic on a grasshopper)

17. Example 2: Black bread mold (Rhizopus sp.)

18. Importance: Destroy many foods; destroy lumber; that all leads to “big bucks” wasted

19. 1-Zygomycota life cycle Rhizoids Zygospore Sporangia Stolon

20. 2-Basidiomycota Cap Stipe Gills

21. Structure: spores on a fruiting body called a basidiocarp; spores grow on exterior surface of basidia

22. Asexual Reprod.: Fragmentation; Asexual basidiospores Sexual Reprod.: Hyphae fuse; fruiting body (basidiocarp) grows

23. Basidia Basidospores

24. Habitat: all terrestrial; decomposers of plants

25. Examples: mushrooms, shelf fungi, puffballs, stinkhorn, rusts, smuts

26. Importance: many edible; many are plant pathogens (corn smut, wheat rust…)

27. 3-Ascomycota

28. Structure: spores on a fruiting body called an ascocarp; ascospores grow in an interior sac- like structure called an ascus

29. Asexual Reprod.: In unicellular form (yeast) budding which is unequal mitosis. In others, asexual spores form

30. Sexual Reprod.: hyphae fuse, grow fruiting body (ascocarp), then, develop spores called ascospores

31. BUDDING

32. Ascus Ascospores

33. Habitat: grow on wood, soil, & other substrates; some pathogenic

34. Examples: Unicellular: Yeast Multicellular: Cup fungi, Truffles, Morels, Mildew

35. Importance: Many edible; yeast important in fermentation (big money in fermentation science)

36. 4-Deuteromycota Conidiophore Conidiospores

37. Structure: many spore-bearing filaments

38. Reproduction: ONLY asexual reproduction; spores grow on conidia (a structure that looks like a fork); conidiospores look like strings of beads

39. Habitat: soil; plants; and many on animals

40. Examples: Penicillium sp.; Aspergillis sp.; Athletes foot and Ringworm (both types ofTinea sp.–where the name Tinactin comes from)

41. Importance: used to make medicines; many destroy foods; many pathogenic/parasitic on animals