1. Ch 7 Cell Structure and Function 7-1 Life Is cellular 7-1 Life Is cellular 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure 7-3 Cell Boundaries 7-4 The diversity of Cellular Life

2. 7-1 Introduction to Cells A Cell is the smallest unit of matter that can carry on all of the processes of life A Cell is the smallest unit of matter that can carry on all of the processes of life The Cell Theory The Cell Theory All living things are composed of one or more cells All living things are composed of one or more cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells

3. 7-1 Introduction to Cells Cell Diversity Cell Diversity Size is limited by the volume to surface area Size is limited by the volume to surface area Nutrients, Oxygen and other materials must enter the cell through the surface Nutrients, Oxygen and other materials must enter the cell through the surface If the volume becomes to high then the cell cannot get proper nutrients and will die If the volume becomes to high then the cell cannot get proper nutrients and will die Adaptations might be to flatten or to create folds Adaptations might be to flatten or to create folds

4. Surface Area to Volume Ratios 6 to 1 3 to 1 1 to 6

5. 7-1 Introduction to Cells Shape- Cells come in a variety of shapes including Shape- Cells come in a variety of shapes including Nerves-long appendages for sending impulses Nerves-long appendages for sending impulses Skin- Flat dead cells to insulate and cover surface Skin- Flat dead cells to insulate and cover surface Blood- Round, but change shape to move through narrow opening in your body Blood- Round, but change shape to move through narrow opening in your body

6. Which one is Blood, Nerve or Skin?

7. 7-1 Introduction to Cells Internal Organization Internal Organization Each cell contains different components that perform specific tasks called Organelles (example- Nucleus) Each cell contains different components that perform specific tasks called Organelles (example- Nucleus) The entire cell is surrounded by a thin membrane called the Cell Membrane The entire cell is surrounded by a thin membrane called the Cell Membrane If the nucleus is surrounded by a membrane then the cell is from a Eukaryote If the nucleus is surrounded by a membrane then the cell is from a Eukaryote If the nucleus is not membrane bound then it is from a prokaryote If the nucleus is not membrane bound then it is from a prokaryote

8. Notice the DNA in the Eukaryote is membrane bound while the Prokaryote is not.

9. Questions from the Book Do in your Notebook Do in your Notebook Pg 173 #1-5 Pg 173 #1-5

10. 7-2 Parts of the Eukaryote Cell Organelles “little Organs” Organelles “little Organs” All of the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus where the organelles rest is called the cytoplasm All of the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus where the organelles rest is called the cytoplasm Mitochondria- Organelle in the cell that turns organic compounds (sugars) into ATP. Mitochondria- Organelle in the cell that turns organic compounds (sugars) into ATP. –Mitochondria are numerous in cells that have high energy requirements such as muscles

11. 7-2 Parts of a Eukaryote Cell Ribosome- Free floating or attached organelles within the cytosol that synthesizes proteins Ribosome- Free floating or attached organelles within the cytosol that synthesizes proteins –Not membrane bound, most numerous organelle in cell Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)- Considered intracellular highways for Ribosome's to move- There are Two Varieties Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)- Considered intracellular highways for Ribosome's to move- There are Two Varieties

12. 7-2 Parts of a Eukaryote Cell Golgi Apparatus- Working in close association with the ER, it modifies proteins for export by the Cell Golgi Apparatus- Working in close association with the ER, it modifies proteins for export by the Cell Lysosomes- Small, spherical organelles that enclose enzymes within its membrane Lysosomes- Small, spherical organelles that enclose enzymes within its membrane

13. 7-2 Parts of a Eukaryote cell Cytoskeleton- Series of proteins that give your cells their shape Cytoskeleton- Series of proteins that give your cells their shape Microfilaments- composed of actin, they are small threads that assist in cell movement Microfilaments- composed of actin, they are small threads that assist in cell movement Microtubules- hollow tubes that extend outward from the center of the cell Microtubules- hollow tubes that extend outward from the center of the cell –Centrioles are in the center of the cell and help in cell division Cilia and Flagella are hair like organelles that extend from the surface of the cell to assist in movement Cilia and Flagella are hair like organelles that extend from the surface of the cell to assist in movement

14. Cytoskeleton giving the Cell its Shape

15. 7-2 Parts of a Eukaryote Cell Nucleus Nucleus –Often the most prominent structure within a eukaryotic cell The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the Nuclear Envelope The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the Nuclear Envelope –Inside the nuclear envelope is a combination of DNA and proteins called Chromatin –When the cell is about to divide the chromatic coils up and becomes Chromosomes Area where ribosome's are made in the nucleus is called the Nucleolus, then they pass through nuclear pores into the cytosol Area where ribosome's are made in the nucleus is called the Nucleolus, then they pass through nuclear pores into the cytosol

16. The Nucleus of a Eukaryotic Cell

17. 7-2 Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell Plants have all Organelles in Eukaryotic cells with 3 additional ones vital to survival Plants have all Organelles in Eukaryotic cells with 3 additional ones vital to survival Cell Wall- Very Rigid cell membrane composed of cellulose for support and protection Cell Wall- Very Rigid cell membrane composed of cellulose for support and protection Vacuoles- Fluid Filled organelles that store enzymes and metabolic waste Vacuoles- Fluid Filled organelles that store enzymes and metabolic waste Plastids- Accessory organelles for storing fats or starches. The more familiar type of plastid is Chloroplast, which is used to turn light energy into chemical energy Plastids- Accessory organelles for storing fats or starches. The more familiar type of plastid is Chloroplast, which is used to turn light energy into chemical energy

18. Everything described plus 3 more structures

19. In Notebooks Pg 181 1-5 Pg 181 1-5

20. 7.3 notes on separate slideshow

21. 7.4 The diversity of Cellular Life Unicellular organisms do everything described in the characteristics of life (grow, use energy, multiply…) Unicellular organisms do everything described in the characteristics of life (grow, use energy, multiply…)

22. 7.4 The diversity of Cellular Life Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasksThis process is called Cell Specialization Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasksThis process is called Cell Specialization

23. 7.4 The diversity of Cellular Life The levels of organization in a multicellular organism are The levels of organization in a multicellular organism are –Individual cells Tissue-group of similar cells that perform a particular function Tissue-group of similar cells that perform a particular function

24. 7.4 The diversity of Cellular Life Multiple tissues working together to complete a task is called an Organ Multiple tissues working together to complete a task is called an Organ –Connective tissue and nerves in a muscle Groups of Organs make up an Organ system that carry out a series of tasks Groups of Organs make up an Organ system that carry out a series of tasks

25. 7.4 The diversity of Cellular Life Pg 193 (1-4) Pg 193 (1-4)