1. Material redesign of a lower leg sports prosthesis By: Alex Hendricks Frank R. Seaver College of Science and Engineering Loyola Marymount University Mentored by: Dr. Matthew Siniawski

2. Adidas Impetus

3. Is carbon fiber a viable alternative to grade 5 titanium as the main structural material for a lower leg sports prosthesis?

4. Grade 5 Titanium Density (weight per volume): 4.43 g/cm 3 Cost per kg: $30 Strength to mass ratio: 288 kN*m/kg Carbon Fiber Density (weight per volume): 1.6 g/cm 3 Cost per kg: $11.92 Strength to mass ratio: 355.56 kN*m/kg

5. Figure 1: Leg reactions to running on surfaces (Kerdok)Figure 2: Mechanical output work of biological leg (Neptune) Figure 3: Elastic response of carbon fiber to stresses (Lee)Figure 4: Elastic response of titanium to stresses (Rao)

6. Expected Results Immediate result: determination of if carbon fiber can replace titanium Intermediary result: Potential to apply carbon fiber to a prototype for a sports prosthesis Long term result: Improvement of all sports prosthesis through the usage of carbon fiber

7. Conclusion Furthering the development of sports prosthesis can be accomplished through the exploration of carbon fiber as a replacement material for grade 5 titanium in sports prosthesis.

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