1. Adulteration

2. Definition .

3. Types of Adulteration
Intentional: Adulteration is done with the knowledge of the producer for more profit and quantity.
Incidental: The adulteration is done unknowingly. For example, some reaction while preparing, outdated food, residual, pesticides, rodent droppings etc.

4. Experiments Honey Test 1
A drop of honey is dropped in the thumb nail. If it flows then it is adulterated.
Test 2
A matchstick which is
dipped in honey is burnt.
If the honey is pure then
it will burn.

5. .
Spice powder
Test 1
Take a beaker of water. Sprinkle the spice powder on the surface of water. The spice will settle down .If coloring substance is added the water will turn into red,yellow,orange etc in colour.

6. .
Pepper
Test 1
When observed closely with a hand lens, we can find that pepper seeds are in spherical shape and papaya seeds are oval shaped.
Test 2
When we rub them in our hand pepper gives a spice smell and papaya does not have any smell.
Test 3
When Pepper is dropped in water papaya seed floats and pepper sinks.

7. .
Milk
Test 1
When a drop of milk is dropped on a polished surface, if it leaves a mark and flows slowly.
Test 2
When a drop of iodine added to milk ,if it turns blue then it is adulterated with starch.
Test 3
Some Milk is taken in a plate and some drops of different colour inks are dropped at the center. When a cotton is placed at the center colour spreads all around the milk. This happens only in a pure milk.

8. Coffee powder
Test 1
The coffee powder is sprinkle at the surface of water.
If it is adulterated then it will change the colour of the water.

9. Mustard oil
Test 1
As mustard oil is costly it is adulterated with argemone oil. When it is left undisturbed they form different layers.

10. Wheat flour
Test 1
Nowadays Whet flour is adulterated with chalk powder(CaCO3).So when HCl is added in the sample if effervescence is formed then it is adulterated.

11. Causes of Adulteration
High demand
Lowering the cost of the product to compete with the market.
To gain profit
Low affordation by people
Lack of trained men
Outdated processing techniques
Not aware of its effects

12. Newspaper Clippings

13. Effects of Adulteration
It is injurious to health.
It causes many diseases.
It also causes deficiency diseases as it disables us to get the real nutrients of the quality products.
It causes children deficiency in health and mental ability.
It causes new diseases in our body like cancer, damage to digestive tract, liver and stomach disorders.
It doesn't allow to enhance the product.

14. Censes report

15. Laws against Adulteration
The Federal food and cosmetic drug act of 1938 first introduced the idea of prevention of food adulteration.
In 1954,The Prevention of Food Adulteration act was passed which enforced the previous laws which was against adulteration.
In 2004,these laws were again enforced and the punishments were increased.