1. METAPHOR An example of figurative language (that is, language that is not to be taken literally). A comparison in which one thing is said to be another Like a simile, without using “like” or “as” in the comparison

4. METAPHOR Very often, the best metaphors compare something that is ABSTRACT, such as a thought, feeling, or idea, with something that is CONCRETE, or something that can be experienced with the five senses.

5. METAPHOR By pairing an ABSTRACT thing with a CONCRETE thing, the poet helps the reader visualize and better understand what the idea, feeling, or thought is. Ultimately, it allows the poet to better create his or her own experience for the reader by putting it into terms that are more specific.

7. The Fault in Our Stars Metaphor: Battling cancer is like having an unlit cigarette between your teeth. How? You (the person who holds it/has it) has the thing that can kill you, but you don’t light it/let it destroy you. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=642lKXC97c4

8. The Fault in Our Stars Metaphor: Hazel, fighting cancer, is a grenade. How? When she dies/explodes, she will cause tremendous collateral (emotional) damage to those around her; those closest to her will be hurt the most.

9. THE DEAD METAPHOR Is still alive and well in our vernacular. What makes it “DEAD” is the fact that it has become a saying, a figure of speech that is expected and understood without requiring much thought or analysis, because of regular usage. In other words, it’s not fresh and original. It’s familiar. Linguists would say that it is “a figure of speech that has lost its force and imaginative effectiveness through frequent use.”

11. “He stabbed me in the back.” The experience of being betrayed by someone ARE SIMILAR IN THAT: It’s tremendously painful. It’s shocking and surprising in a terrible way. You never saw it coming. You see your offender as a coward. Being physically stabbed in the back

12. Pigs are dirty/“dirty”. Chickens run away when threatened.Bugs are annoying. Babies cry when they don’t get their way. Neanderthals were intellectually inferior. Octopi are known for touching and manipulating things in their environment.

13. The problem that nobody will talk about Everyone is aware of it. It can’t be covered up or avoided easily. It makes everyone feel like someone should do something about it. It takes up so much “space.” It’s the “____________________ in the room.”

15. DEAD METAPHOR Is a metaphor that has occurred so often that it has become a new meaning of the expression (e.g., `he is a snake' may once have been a metaphor but after years of use it has died and become a new sense of the word `snake') Catch a cold. Life is a rollercoaster. Time is a thief. Time is running out.

16. MIXED METAPHOR is a succession of incongruous or ludicrous comparisons. When two or more metaphors (or cliches) are jumbled together, often illogically, we say that these comparisons are "mixed."

18. from a speech by Boyle Roche in the Irish Parliament: “Mr. Speaker, I smell a rat. I see him floating in the air. But mark me, sir, I will nip him in the bud."

19. EXTENDED METAPHOR a comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem. It is often comprised of more than one sentence and sometimes consists of a full paragraph.

20. EXTENDED METAPHOR “One day [Mr. Bixby] turned on me suddenly with this settler– ‘What is the shape of Walnut Bend?'” “He might as well have asked me my grandmother’s opinion of protoplasm. I reflected respectfully, and then said I didn’t know it had any particular shape. My gun powdery chief went off with a bang, of course, and then went on loading and firing until he was out of adjectives.” “I had learned long ago that he only carried just so many rounds of ammunition, and was sure to subside into a very placable and even remorseful old smooth-bore as soon as they were all gone.” (Mark Twain, Life on the Mississippi, 1883)

21. EXTENDED METAPHOR “Hope is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul, And sings the tune–without the words, And never stops at all, “And sweetest in the gale is heard; And sore must be the storm That could abash the little bird That kept so many warm. “I’ve heard it in the chilliest land, And on the strangest sea; Yet, never, in extremity, It asked a crumb of me.” Emily Dickinson