2. Plant and Animal Cell Structures
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Plant and Animal Cell Structures
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Cellular Pursuit

3. Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function

4. 7.3 Structures and Organelles
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.3 Structures and Organelles

5. Cell Membrane
Isolates and protects the inside of a cell

6. Inside the Cell Membrane

7. Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm: “Cell fluid” found inside of the cell membrane and contains the organelles

8. Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton: variety of fibers and filaments that support cell structure and drive cell movement
Both microtubules and microfilaments are part of the cytoskeleton

9. Microtubules Microtubules: Hollow tubes made of proteins
Assist with movement for one-celled organisms

10. Microtubules (green)

11. Microfilaments Microfilaments: Also assist with movement
Ex. Responsible for muscle cells contractions

12. Microfilaments

13. Microtubules and Microfilaments

14. Nucleus
Nucleus: The control center of the cell
Why?

15. Contains the DNA—molecule that contains gene and protein information
DNA forms chromatin, which becomes chromosomes (genetic information)
Contains the nucleolus—assembles ribosomes

16. Nucleus

17. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): a system of membranes that provide channels to move proteins and chemicals through the cell (think transport)
Rough ER: has ribosomes attached
Smooth ER: no ribosomes

19. Ribosomes Ribosomes: Tiny particles made up RNA and protein
Hundreds to thousands per cell (most numerous organelle)

20. Make proteins (puts amino acids together)
Some are attached to organelles others are found free in the cytoplasm

21. Ribosome

22. Mitochondria Mitochondria: The center of cellular respiration
Contains enzymes that split organic molecules and release energy to be used by the cell
Cell’s energy powerhouse

23. Mitochondria

24. Lysosomes
Lysosomes: Sac-like membranes filled with enzymes that break down substances within the cells
Cell’s clean up crew

25. Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus: Modifies and packages proteins for future use
May attach carbohydrates or lipids to a protein
Customizes proteins for use

26. Golgi Apparatus

27. ER and the Golgi Apparatus

28. Vacuoles Vacuoles: Fluid-filled cavities or sacs used for storage
In animal cells —store proteins, fats, carbs

29. Unicellular animals —act as a pump that removes excess water and for motion (contractile vacuole)

30. Contractile Vacuole

31. Vacuole
In plants —stores water and salts

32. Cell Wall Found only in plants!! Provides protection and support
Very rigid

33. Cell Wall

34. Plastids Plastids: storage organelles found only in plants!
Three types:
Chloroplasts
Leucoplasts
Chromoplasts

35. Chloroplasts (Type of Plastid)
Plants Only!!
Stores food and pigment
Provide the green color of leaves
Important with photosynthesis

36. Chloroplasts

37. Chloroplasts

38. Other Plastids Other Plastids: All store food and pigment
Leucoplasts: stores starch
Appear white under the microscope
Example: potatoes, turnips

39. leucoplasts

40. Chromoplasts: stores pigments
Ex. Red and orange colors in tomatoes

41. 7.3 Structures and Organelles
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.3 Structures and Organelles

42. 7.3 Structures and Organelles
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.3 Structures and Organelles

43. 7.3 Structures and Organelles
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.3 Structures and Organelles

44. Short, numerous projections that look like hairs
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Cilia
Short, numerous projections that look like hairs
400x
Flagella
Long whip-like tail
Both aid in movement
26,367x

45. Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function