1. Reason: Wrap Up 1/16

2. Agenda Review main points Bad Reasoning Is reasoning certain? END GOAL: For you, is reason a reliable WOK?

3. Quote 1 “When dealing with people, remember you are not dealing with creatures of logic, but creatures of emotion.” – Dale Carnegie What does this quote mean? Agree/Disagree? How can you connect it to any of your discussions yesterday?

4. Deductive Reasoning Reasoning from general to specific Syllogisms More certain, but less informative o Meaning: You are more positive it is true, but it is less likely that you are dealing with new information All metals expand when heated A is a metal. Therefore A expands when heated.

5. Inductive Reasoning Reasoning from particular to general More informative, but less certain o Meaning, you are gaining new information, but it is less likely that it is true. Apple A is good for me. Apple B is good for me. Apple C is good for me. Apple D is good for me. Therefore, all apples are good for me.

6. Informal Reasoning Equivocation o Using language ambiguously False Analogy False Dilemma Loaded Question Ad Ignorantiam Hasty Generalizations Ad Hominem Circular Reasoning Special Pleading

7. Causes of Bad Reasoning Pride o Satisfaction with self o Not wanting to be wrong Prejudice o Opinion formed beforehand o Holding of ill-informed opinions o Irrational dislike of somebody Ignorance o Lack of knowledge o Unawareness Laziness o Not wanting to work

8. Question 1 Look over the four causes. Which one do you think is the MOST prevalent in society?

9. Question 2 How do you protect yourself from the causes of bad reasoning? o Think about yourself and others… o Can you know if someone is guilty of one of them? Be a specific as possible.

10. Quote 2 “The madman is not the man who has lost his reason. The madman is the man who has lost everything but his reason.” – G.K. Chesterton Should you always try to be as rational as possible, or are there dangers in being too rational?

11. Quote 3 “He that will not reason is a bigot; he that cannot reason is a fool; and he that dares not reason is a slave.” –William Drummond (1585-1649) We already know what it means, but what are some of your further thoughts on it? Which do we see more in society: those who can’t, those who won’t, or those who are afraid to? Examples!