1. The Rulers of Egypt p. 74-79 I. Egyptian Kingship A. Pharaohs: kings of ancient Egypt, usually, though not always men B. Egypt ruled by dynasties for hundreds of years 1. dynasty: all the rulers (Egypt’s pharaohs) came from the same family for a period of time. a. Egypt had 31 dynasties 2. These dynasties were organized into 3 kingdoms a. Old Kingdom b. Middle Kingdom c. New Kingdom 3. Egypt was weaker in the time between each kingdom: war, invasions, weak rulers

2. C. Egypt is unified 1. Menes (MEE neez) united Upper and Lower Egypt 2. Egypt becomes stronger/more stable D. All-powerful pharaohs 1. complete control & absolute power a. made all major decisions for Egypt 2. Sometimes listened to their advisors 3. Prayed to Ma’at, goddess of truth 4. pharaohs = to a god

3. II. Three kingdoms A. Old Kingdom (2686 B.C - 2125 B.C) 1. peaceful time, well run government. 2. trading across the Mediterranean 3. end of Old Kingdom: weak gov’t, pharaohs’ power challenged 4. Built great monuments such as the Great Pyramid and the Sphinx

4. B. Middle Kingdom (2055 B.C. – 1650 B.C.) 1. Egypt reunited after pharaoh’s restore power 2. money spent on public works: irrigation, buildings 3. Egypt grew wealthier 4. end of Middle Kingdom: weak pharaohs, foreign invasions

5. C. New Kingdom (1550 B.C. – 1069 B.C) 1. strong pharaohs again, drive away invaders 2. built large, strong military 3. Egypt spread, became an empire 4. King Tutankhamen, young pharaoh with a famous tomb 5. Hatshepsut regent for Thutmose III a. regent: someone who rules for a child until they are older b. she was a bold, strong & became full pharaoh c. increased trade, peaceful time 6. Thutmose III a. strong, conquered land in Syria, Phoenicia, to Euphrates b. well educated c. treated others with mercy

6. III. Egyptian rule ends A. end of New Kingdom: civil war, Egypt weak B. Alexander the Great conquers Egypt, 332 B.C. C. Cleopatra VII: 51 B.C., considered Egypt’s last Pharaoh D. Rome conquered Egypt 31 B.C. (Colin Farrell plays Alexander the Great in the movie.) (ancient image of Alexander the Great)