1. The role of Urban Agriculture in City growth Esau Galukande, PhD Kampala Capital City Authority 1

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5. What is urban Agriculture ? Chain of activities that involves growing plants,raising animals, supply of services and processing and marketing of agricultural produce within or on the fringe of cities. Smit et al, 1996 (paraphrased) Acronym UPA (urban and Peri Urban Agriculture ) introduced by FAO in 2000 5

6. UPA definition cond uses urban dwellers as labours uses urban waste as input Produces mainly for urban residents but produce could also be exported Dates back to 19 th Century but has evolved Practiced in a variety of places – Field plots, gardens, roof tops, barns Focuses on perishable and high value products – Green vegetables, Mushrooms, milk poultry, pig and fish Can exist in several forms and scale subsistence, recreational or semi commercial to large scale fully commercial 6

7. Role of UPA – 1- Food Nutrition and Security Urban poverty is closely related to food insecurity UPA can contribute to enhancing urban food security and healthy nutrition of the urban poor – Urban households involved in farming or gardening can supply upto 60% of required vegetables and food – UPA can also increase availability of affordable fresh vegetables and fruits to other urban dwellers – Its is estimated that 20% of the world food is produced in urban areas. Degree varies greatly between cities In Accra 90% of vegetables consumed are produced within the city In Hanoi, Vietnam 80% of vegetables, 50% of Pork and 40% of eggs consumed are produced within the city 7

8. 2- Creation of employment UPA can be an Important source of employment in cities with reasonable returns to producers and other service providers – In Kampala some small scale poultry producers can earn up to US$160 – Data from small scale vegetable units in various cities shows income of between US$30 -70 per month with possible US$ 200 from some units – In the urban centers of Niayes zone in Senegal UPA provides livelihood for 400,000 people. In Dakar region alone the activity generated up to US$450 Million in 2011 – In Dar es Salam it is believed that UPA employs more urban residents than any sector of the informal economy 8

9. 3-Cleaner environments UPA helps cities improve Urban environment by: – Recycling urban waste into source of fertilizers and feed for livestock. In India 5million tones of municipal sold is used as soil improver for crop production. In Kampala trials using market waste as a feed in poultry have been successful. – Maintaining green open spaces and enhancing vegetable cover in the city – Reducing energy use and green house emissions by producing food close or within the city – Urban waste water can be recycled for irrigation thereby reducing effects of droughts and flooded roads that affect supply of food to the cities 9

10. Does UPA compete with rural production ? UPA focuses on perishable products like leafy vegetables, fresh milk and poultry products and generally complements rural agriculture If well planned it can strengthen national food systems by acting as a stabilizer during the dry period 10

11. UPA : The Kampala Story Urban Agriculture in Kampala is fairly a large endeavor About 80,000 households are engaged in commercial and semi commercial 60% of food (mainly vegetables and poultry products) in the city is produced through UPA Livestock numbers in the city are as follows; 1,053,030 chicken 9,000 pigs 6,000 cattle Approximately 40% of undeveloped land is under crop production 50 % of city households produce a food crop Most production units not well organized with very low productivity levels 11

12. Challenges faced by farmers Low productivity Low quality Agro inputs High cost of (climate) smart technologies Poor market prices Many youth can not engage in the government programs because they lack basic requirements. 12

13. UPA : The Kampala Story ctd KCCA’s objective To increase productivity of production units to create employment, support sustainable market oriented production and value addition for improved food security and household incomes Enabling laws Kampala has 5 Urban Farming Ordinances which provide a guide to Urban Farming 13

14. KCCA Initiatives Provision of advisory services KCCA has teams at all Divisions they provide support services for farmers. The team includes Animal, Crop and Fish production specialists, Commercial officers and youth officers Distribution of technologies KCCA implements the NAADS program on behalf of central Government. Under the program 4,706 farmers have been supported with inputs (poultry and poultry feeds, mushroom production kits, value addition equipment, fish feeds, vegetable production kits) 14

15. KCCA initiatives Farmer Training Targeted training sessions and demand driven sessions are conducted. Some targeted training conducted include; establishment of kitchen gardens, mushroom growing, pig production Agriculture resource center KCCA has set aside 31 acres of land on which it is gradually developing a farmers resource center focusing on Urban farming. The center currently has demonstration gardens, a pig breeding unit, an aquaculture unit, poultry brooding unit and 5 green houses 15

16. Key achievements of the resource centre Kyanja Agricultural Resource Centre has received 8,00visitors on technical tours over a 3 year period 1,100 farmers have received hands on training in establishment and management of kitchen gardens, poultry and pig production and in value addition opportunities 100,000 seedlings have been propagated in Kyanja and supplied to 100 households and 28 schools for establishment of vegetable production 745 high quality piglets have been born at Kyanja and distributed to 200 farmers 16

17. Key achievements contd Pig Artificial insemination services were initiated and rolled out. A total of 599 inseminations have been carried out in 131 farms and close to 1,000 piglets have been born 15,000 Kuroiler Chicken have been brooded at Kyanja and distributed to 60 households A total of 477 agribusinesses have been profiled along 10 value chains including roots and tubers, bananas, milk and dairy products, poultry enterprises, fruits and vegetables, fish, piggery and agro inputs. An agribusiness directory for the city is being developed. 17

18. 18 The inside of one of the demonstration green house One of the box gardens on demonstration

19. 19 Training sessions with farmers

20. 20 A section of the pig breeding unit Some of the piglets before distribution to farmers

21. Intensive production systems on display 21

22. UPA risks UPA has many health risks similar to those in rural Agriculture Use of contaminated irrigation water which could be a health hazard Inadequate management of animals ( management of manure, urine and slaughter houses) Intensive and inadequate use of agrochemicals For all production systems ( enterprises) guidelines and standards need to be drawn up and enforced. 22

23. UPA challenges Insecurity of tenure for local farmers Majority of farmers operate on land they do not own, or have access to land under temporary agreement. Livelihoods can be terminated by land lord any time of a city by law Displacement by land developers Increasing development is mounting pressure on Urban farmers as more land is taken up by developers and city infrastructure Lack of specific zones for Urban Agriculture Few countries have set aside zones for urban farming and in some places like Kinshasa the zones are no longer secure,similarly in Dakar production zones are now under threat 23

24. UPA Challenges contd Other challenges include Access to water Access to credit Access to processing and Markets 24

25. UPA – The future Given the challenges Are we seeing an end to UPA ? UPA will succeed if there is a willingness to protect it. – Polices should be enacted to protect it – UPA should be included in main stream national planning systems. This has been achieved in some areas e.g. Brazil ‘Zero Hunger Policy’ 25

26. The End Thank you 26