1. Author : Peng Han, Jinkuan Wang, Yinghua Han, and Qiang Zhao Source : 2012 IEEE International Conference on Information Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei, China; March 23-25, 2012 Speakers : Chen Shien-Yi Date : 2013/12/19 Novel WSN-Based Residential Energy Management Scheme in Smart Grid

2. Outline Abstract Introduction WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS IN RESIDENTIAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT THE STRUCTURE FOR WSN-BASED RESIDENTIAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT SCHEME Conclusion

3. Abstract Smart grid integrates the latest advances in information and communication technologies to contribute to a more reliable and efficient electricity system. By realizing the two-way communication between the utility and the smart meters in the houses, smart grid enables a time-of-use(TOU) tariff to reduce peak load through incenting residents to adopt a more efficient usage of domestic appliances. We proposed a WSN-Based Residential Energy Management Scheme which wirelessly connects non-urgent appliances to the smart meter through the wireless sensor networks.

4. Introduction In this paper, we proposed a novel WSN-based Residential Energy Management (WREM) scheme for homes in the smart grid. It employs sensors to monitor high-energy-consuming domestic appliances, i.e., water heaters, washing machines, clothes dryers, dishwashers, pool pumps, and PHEVs. And with the TOU tariff awareness ability, it can response to the resident’s command with the economically optimum suggestion, helping them shift their non-urgent appliances to the Off-Peak hours to reduce electricity expenses. Meanwhile, by shifting the residential use of electricity to the Off- Peak hours, the scheme alleviates the PAR(peak-to-average ratio), helps Green-House Gas (GHG) emission reduction, contribute to a more reliable and efficient electricity system. And through the two- way communication, the utility is able to decide an optimal generation to satisfy resident demands.

5. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS IN RESIDENTIAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT Wireless sensor networks use Zigbee wireless transmission technologies to connect devices that consist of autonomous sensors. In resident energy management, those sensors are spatially distributed on the appliances to monitor their energy consuming conditions, and they work cooperatively to pass their data through the network to the smart meter.

6. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS IN RESIDENTIAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT The wireless sensor network has many characters to be an idle device for our scheme for the following reasons: First, it is easy to purchase and deploy for its low cost and flexibility in networking with multiple topologies. Second, it supports 65535 devices per network, enabling our scheme to cope with every electrical appliance. Third, its robust and self-formed mesh networking allows for reliable data transfer, and it achieves appliances data integrity verification and authentication by adopting 128-bits AES encryption algorithm.

7. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS IN RESIDENTIAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT Our proposed WSN-based scheme shall enable them to exchange appliance status information and instructions for control between appliances and smart meters. Traditional WSN drawbacks arise from its limited battery capacity and relatively short distance. But as for the residential energy management, the sensor nodes are equipped on the appliances and that allows them for sustainable operation. And its 70-300m range is far beyond sufficient for the coverage in a house.

8. THE STRUCTURE FOR WSN-BASED RESIDENTIAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT SCHEME A : WSN-devices Deployment for Residential Energy B : Classification of Domestic Appliances C : Structure and Information Flow of WREM Scheme

9. WSN-devices Deployment for Residential Energy The ZigBee-installed wireless sensor network mainly adopts three types of devices in the house deployment: A smart meter as the network coordinator, which maintains the whole network knowledge and exchange information with residents as well as utilities. The Full Function Device (FFD) that serves as a room router for supporting multi-hop topologies. The Reduced Function Device (RFD) with the actor that is featured with low complexity and serves as a switch of its deployed appliance.

11. Classification of Domestic Appliances (1) Urgent Appliances (UA): Appliances that, when postponed, could result in inconvenience or discomfort for the residents (e.g., lights, HiFi system, micro-ovens, televisions, and air-conditioning). (2) Non-urgent Appliances (NA): Appliances that, when postponed, would go smoothly and even unnoticed by the residents if only they are finished before the proper time of the next morning or the previously appointment time (e.g., washing machines, clothes dryers, dishwashers, pool pumps,and PHEVs). The proposed scheme mainly focuses on appliances in the NA group because most of the NA appliances have the following characteristic: First, the appliance start time is flexible for residents mainly concern the finish time; Second, it can be calculated how much energy that will be needed over whole appliance process, third, the time when the appliance is turned on is not critical.

12. Structure and Information Flow of WREM Scheme

13. Conclusion In this paper, we present the novel WSN-based Residential Energy Management scheme, together with the structure components and the algorithm introduction to achieve the efficient and economical residential management. Our initial work lays on the foundation for further study into the wireless sensor networks for residential service in the era of the smart grid. Current and future work will be oriented on working around the simulation implementation and field testing of our proposed WREM scheme, meanwhile, we also concern about features brought by the smart grid, such as real-time price prediction, PHEVs coordination, and hierarchical communication structure of the smart grid.