1. ZigBee : Wireless Control Made Simple Sanjay Kumar B.Tech ( CSE )-I.E.T(Bundelkhand University) Jhansi(U.P)

2. Content  Introduction  History  Characteristic  Security  Application  Market Summary  ZigBee Promoter  Objective  ZigBee & Bluetooth Comparison

3. Introduction  ZigBee is designed to be a low power, low cost, low data rate, wireless solution.  ZigBee is a technological standard designed for control and sensor networks  Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard  Created by the ZigBee Alliance  Operates in Personal Area Networks (PAN’s) and device-to-device networks

4. Introduction  Connectivity between small packet devices  Control of lights, switches, thermostats, appliances, etc.  Specification of protocols for small, low-power radios  Monitor and sensor applications that need to have a battery life of years on alkaline batteries Example – security systems, smoke alarms

5. History  Development started 1998, when many engineers realized that WiFi and Bluetooth were going to be unsuitable for many applications  IEEE 802.15.4 standard was completed in May 2003  The ZigBee specifications were ratified on 14 December 2004.  The ZigBee Alliance announced public availability of Specification 1.0 on 13 June 2005.  Much research is still going on with ZigBee.

6. Low Data Rate Radio Devices · TV · VCR · DVD · CD · Remote · Mouse · Keyboard · Joystick · Gamepad  Security  HVAC  Lighting  Closures  PETs  Gameboys  Educational  Monitors  Diagnostics  Sensors Industrial & Commercial Consumer Electronics Personal Healthcare · Monitors · Sensors · Automation ·Control Toys & Games Home Automation PC Peripherals Application:

7. Slide 7 Home Awareness Home Heartbeat

8. Slide 8 HVAC Energy Management  Hotel energy management – Centralized HVAC management allow hotel operator to ensure empty rooms are not cooled – Easy to retrofit – Battery operated thermostats, occupancy detectors, humidistats can be placed for convenience – Personalized room settings at check-in

9. Slide 9 In-Home Patient Monitoring  Patients receive better care at reduced cost with more freedom and comfort---  Patients can remain in their own home  Monitors vital statistics and sends via internet  Doctors can adjust medication levels  Allows monitoring of elderly family member  Sense movement or usage patterns in a home  Turns lights on when they get out of bed  Notify via mobile phone when anomalies occur  Wireless panic buttons for falls or other problems  Can also be used in hospital care  Patients are allowed greater movement  Reduced staff to patient ratio graphic

10. Slide 10 Commercial Lighting Control  Wireless lighting control  Dimmable intelligent ballasts  Light switches/sensors anywhere  Customizable lighting schemes  Quantifiable energy savings  Opportunities in residential, light commercial.  Extendable networks  Lighting network can be integrated with and/or be used by other building control solutions

11. Slide 11 Mobile Handset as ZigBee Gateway  Use mobile handset as a gateway to collect and display information  In a mobile phone a ZigBee enabled SIM, the personal token, can play the Gateway role Service Center NETWORK OPERATOR INFRASTRUCTURE 1. Confirmation for buying “Il fuggiasco”. Push Ok. ZigBee Network The Telecom operator does more than transport data:  Trust-Center: security, user authentication, reliability  Service Provider of new value-added services  Service management, configuration and personalization

12. Slide 12 Z-SIM: M-commerce and Beyond Service Center Distribution Network Digital Smart City  Access Control  Parking payment system  Infomobility services (e.g. traffic control)  Environmental Monitoring  Localization M-Commerce Services  m-payments (bar, shops, supermarkets)  m-ticketing (cinema, train, bus ) Home Automation & Control  Lights, HVAC, Domestic appliances  Entertainment (e.g. DTT)  Healthcare, Tele-assistance  Monitoring & Security (e.g. temperature, gas) Mobile Terminal Z-SIM is the hub of the interaction between user and objects Z-SIM is the hub of the interaction between user and objects ZigBee Smart Home

13. Characteristic  Low cost  Low power consumption  Low data rate  Relatively short transmission range  Scalability  Reliability  Flexible protocol design suitable for many applications

14. ZigBee – Highly Secure  Encryption specified for MAC, Network and APS layers  Encryption/Authentication mode CCM(CTR +CBC- MAC)  CTR is a counter based encryption mode  CBC-MAC provides data integrity  All security is based on 128bit key and AES-128 block encryption method  Authentication and encryption  Security can be customized for the application

15. For NEC Internal Use Only Silicon PHY Layer MAC Layer Data Link Layer ZigBee Stack Application Network Layer Application Interface Application Customer ZigBee Alliance IEEE ZigBee Protocol Stack

16. For NEC Internal Use Only Silicon RF Baseband Link Controller Voice Link Manager Host Control Interface L2CAP Telephony Control Protocol Intercom Headset Cordless Group Call RFCOMM (Serial Port) OBEX HOST MODULE Bluetooth Stack Applications vCard vCal vNote vMessage Dial-up Networking Fax Service Discovery Protocol User Interface Bluetooth Protocol Stack

17. How ZigBee Works  Topology  Star  Cluster Tree  Mesh  Network coordinator, routers, end devices

18. ZigBee Network Topologies Star Mesh Cluster Tree PAN coordinator Full Function Device Reduced Function Device

19. How ZigBee Works  States of operation  Active  Sleep  Devices  Full Function Devices (FFD ’ s)  Reduced Function Devices (RFD ’ s)  Modes of operation  Beacon  Non-beacon

20. How A ZigBee Network Forms  Devices are pre-programmed for their network function  Coordinator scans to find an unused channel to start a network  Router (mesh device within a network) scans to find an active channel to join, then permits other devices to join  End Device will always try to join an existing network  Devices discover other devices in the network providing complementary services  Service Discovery can be initiated from any device within the network  Devices can be bound to other devices offering complementary services  Binding provides a command and control feature for specially identified sets of devices

21. ZigBee Network Model ZigBee End Device (RFD or FFD) ZigBee Router (FFD) ZigBee Coordinator (FFD) Mesh Link Star networks support a single ZigBee coordinator with one or more ZigBee End Devices (up to 65,536 in theory) Mesh network routing permits path formation from any source device to any destination device

22. Wireless Networking Basics  Network Scan – Device scans the 16 channels to determine the best channel to occupy.  Creating/Joining a PAN – Device can create a network (coordinator) on a free channel or join an existing network  Device Discovery – Device queries the network to discover the identity of devices on active channels  Service Discovery – Device scans for supported services on devices within the network  Binding – Devices communicate via command/control messaging

23. Network Pieces –PAN Coordinator  PAN Coordinator – “ owns” the network  Starts it  Allows other devices to join it  Provides binding and address-table services  Saves messages until they can be delivered – A “full-function device” – FFD

24. Network Pieces - Router  Routers – Routes messages – Does not own or start network Scans to find a network to join – Given a block of addresses to assign – A “full-function device” – FFD – Mains powered depending on topology

25. Network Pieces – End Device  End Device – Communicates with a single device – Does not own or start network Scans to find a network to join – Can be an FFD or RFD (reduced function device)

26. Objective  Enables cost-effective, low power, reliable peripheral & entertainment devices for monitoring and control  ZigBee’s architecture developed to target environments and applications best suited to the technology  Provide a platform and implementation for wirelessly networked devices  Interoperable consumer devices  Anywhere in and around the home

27. The Need for ZigBee  Low Power consumption  6 months to 5 years battery life for most applications  Low Cost  At least half the cost of Bluetooth solutions  High density of nodes per network  250 nodes per network, multiple co-located networks  Data rate requirements  Few bits to 250kbps sufficient  Simple protocol, Global Implementation  2.4GHz

28. ZigBee and Bluetooth Comparison  Optimized for different applications – ZigBee  Smaller packets over large network  Mostly Static networks with many, infrequently used devices  Home automation, toys, remote controls, etc.  Range 70-300 meter – Bluetooth  Larger packets over small network  Ad‐hoc networks  File transfer  Range 10 meter.

29. For NEC Internal Use Only Bluetooth: Dynamic ad-hoc transient Pico-nets Dynamic master role negotiation Active / Park modes ZigBee: Large master-slave networks, with fast access Slave - initiated communication, (minimises slave energy requirements) Virtual peer-peer device pairing links Networking

30. For NEC Internal Use Only Bluetooth: Power model as a mobile phone (regular charging) Designed to maximise ad-hoc functionality ZigBee: 2+ years from ‘normal’ batteries Designed to optimise slave power requirements Power Considerations

31. For NEC Internal Use Only Bluetooth: Forward error correction 0, 40 & 64-bit encryption ZigBee: Error detection / re-transmissions Fully handshaked protocol Application level security Error / Security Considerations

32. For NEC Internal Use Only Bluetooth: Price Now - $25 Price 2003 - $5 ZigBee: Price 2002 - $6 Price 2003 - $1.5-2.5 Two different solutions optimised for different applications…... Solution Prices

33. ZigBee – Promoter: and many more....

34. Slide 34 From Popular Science Magazine

35. Slide 35 ZigBee Member Geographic Distribution Region November 2011 Asia / Pacific60 (29%) Europe / Middle East/Africa58 (28%) North/South America86 (43%) Total Member Companies204

36. Success Factors  Low cost  Data type support  Ease of installation  Reliable data transfer  Short range operation  Reasonable battery life  Unlicensed band  Unrestricted geographical use  Global implementation  Governmental regulations

37. Slide 37 “ Just as the personal computer was a symbol of the '80s, and the symbol of the '90s is the World Wide Web, the next nonlinear shift, is going to be the advent of cheap sensors.” -IET Bundelkhand University Institute for the Bright Future Closing Thought

38. Slide 38 More Information ZigBee Alliance Web Site http://www.ZigBee.org Sanjay Kumar B.Tech, Bundelkhand University Jhansi kr.sanjay909@gmail.comkr.sanjay909@gmail.com Be a part of the future-Adopt the ZigBee Technology

39. Thank you for your attention!