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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Reproductive System Gonads – Gonads produce gametes (sex cells) and secrete hormones Sperm – Ova (eggs) –
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Male Reproductive System Testes Duct system Figure 16.2b MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW ANIMATION PRESS TO PLAY
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Male Reproductive System Accessory organs External genitalia
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Male Reproductive System Figure 16.2a
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Testes Coverings of the testes _____________ _______________ – capsule that surrounds each testis _______________ – extensions of the capsule that extend into the testis and divide it into lobules Figure 16.1
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Testes Each lobule contains one to four ___________________________________ Empty sperm into the ________________ Sperm travels through the _______________ to the ___________________ Interstitial cells produce androgens such as testosterone
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Epididymis Comma-shaped, tightly coiled tube Found on the superior part of the testis and along the posterior lateral side Functions to mature and store sperm cells (at least ___________ days) Expels sperm with the contraction of muscles in the epididymis walls to the _______________________________
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens) Carries sperm from the epididymis to the __________________________________ Passes through the inguinal canal and over the bladder Moves sperm by peristalsis _______________________________ – ductus deferens, blood vessels, and nerves in a connective tissue sheath
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens) Ends in the ejaculatory duct which unites with the urethra ___________________ – cutting of the ductus deferens at the level of the testes to prevent transportation of sperm
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Urethra Extends from the base of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis Carries both ______________________ Sperm enters from the ejaculatory duct
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Urethra Regions of the urethra __________________________ urethra – surrounded by prostate __________________________ urethra – from prostatic urethra to penis ___________________ (penile) urethra – runs the length of the penis
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Seminal Vesicles Located at the base of the bladder Produces a thick, yellowish secretion (______ of semen) Prostaglandins Other substances that nourish and activate sperm
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Prostate Gland Encircles the upper part of the urethra Secretes a milky fluid Helps to: Enters the urethra through several small ducts
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bulbourethral Glands Pea-sized gland inferior to the prostate Produces a thick, clear mucus Cleanses the urethra of acidic urine Serves as a lubricant during sexual intercourse Secreted into the penile urethra
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Semen Mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions Advantages of accessory gland secretions Fructose provides: Alkalinity of semen helps neutralize the acidic environment of vagina Semen inhibits: Elements of semen enhance:
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings External Genitalia Scrotum Divided sac of skin outside the abdomen Maintains testes at __________ lower than normal body temperature to protect sperm viability
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings External Genitalia Penis Delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract Regions of the penis Folded cuff of skin around proximal end Often removed by circumcision Internally there are three areas of spongy erectile tissue around the urethra
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Spermatogenesis Production of sperm cells Begins at puberty and continues throughout life Occurs in the seminiferous tubules
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Processes of Spermatogenesis ___________________________ (stem cells) undergo rapid mitosis to produce more stem cells before puberty _______________________ hormone (FSH) modifies spermatogonia division One cell produced is a stem cell The other cell produced becomes a _________________________________
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Processes of Spermatogenesis ____________________________ undergo meiosis Haploid ________________________ are produced Spermiogenesis Late spermatids are produced with distinct regions ________ – contains DNA covered by the acrosome Sperm cells result after maturing of spermatids Spermatogenesis takes _____________ days
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anatomy of a Mature Sperm Cell The only human flagellated cell DNA is found in the head Figure 16.5b
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Testosterone Production The most important hormone of the testes Produced in interstitial cells Functions of testosterone Causes secondary sex characteristics
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regulation of Male Androgens (Sex Hormones) Figure 16.6
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