2. White blood cells Platelets Red blood cells Artery

3. Deliver O 2 Remove metabolic wastes Maintain temperature, pH, and fluid volume Protection from blood loss- platelets Prevent infection- antibodies and WBC Transport hormones

4. Erythrocytes (red blood cells) Leukocytes (white blood cells) Platelets (thrombocytes)

5. Erythrocytes

6. Erythrocyte  7.5  m in dia  Anucleate  Hematopoiesis- production of RBC  Function- transport respiratory gases  Hemoglobin- quaternary structure, 2  chains and 2  chains  RBCs contain hemoglobin molecules  Life span 100-120 days and then destroyed in spleen (RBC graveyard)

7. Hematopoiesis Hematopoiesis (hemopoiesis): blood cell formation –Occurs in red bone marrow of axial skeleton, girdles and proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur

8. Figure 17.5 Stem cell Hemocytoblast Proerythro- blast Early erythroblast Late erythroblast Normoblast Phase 1 Ribosome synthesis Phase 2 Hemoglobin accumulation Phase 3 Ejection of nucleus Reticulo- cyte Erythro- cyte Committed cell Developmental pathway

9. Blood Cell Production

10. Granulocytes Neutrophils- 40-70% Eosinophils- 1-4% Basophils- <1% Agranulocytes Monocytes- 4-8% Lymphocytes- 20-45% Never let monkeys eat bananas 4,000-11,000 cells/mm 3

11. Basophil Eosinophil Neutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte platelet

12. Figure 17.12 Stem cellDevelopmental pathway Hemocyto- blast Megakaryoblast Promegakaryocyte MegakaryocytePlatelets Small fragments – assist in blood clotting Platelets

13. Hemostasis: 4. Coagulation 1.Vessel injury 2. Vascular spasm 3. Platelet plug formation

14. Blood Clot Fibrin thread Platelet RBC

15. Type A Type B Type AB Type O

16. Blood type is based on the presence of 2 major antigens in RBC membranes-- A and B Blood typeAntigenAntibody A A anti-B B B anti-A A & B AB no anti body Neither A or B Oanti-A and anti-B Antigen- protein on the surface of a RBC membrane Antibody- proteins made by lymphocytes in plasma which are made in response to the presence of antigens. They attack foreign antigens, which result in clumping (agglutination)

17. Figure 17.16 Serum Anti-A RBCs Anti-B Type AB (contains agglutinogens A and B; agglutinates with both sera) Blood being tested Type A (contains agglutinogen A; agglutinates with anti-A) Type B (contains agglutinogen B; agglutinates with anti-B) Type O (contains no agglutinogens; does not agglutinate with either serum)