1. 3 minute Video Clip on How the Earth Got It’s Oceans and SALT and Amazing Planet---Ocean Realm or Dangers of the Deep

2. Four Oceans: 1.Arctic Ocean (4%) 2.Indian Ocean (20%) 3.Atlantic Ocean (28%) 4.Pacific (48%) CHAPTER 13 NOTES: OCEAN WATER AND OCEAN FLOOR About 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered in water

3. How do scientists think the oceans were formed? 2 Thoughts??????? 1 st thought---- When the Earth first formed, there were many volcanoes all over the surface. Since there is a lot of water vapor contained in lava, it rose into the young atmosphere during eruptions. As this water vapor condensed, it formed clouds, which eventually led to the rains that lasted for many years.

4. Comets and water-rich asteroids from the outer reaches of the asteroid belt and the Kuiper Belt collided with a pre-historic Earth bringing water to the world’s oceans. 2 nd thought Video Clip on How the Earth got its Oceans

5. OCEAN WATER The ocean has many different elements dissolved in it. These elements such as chloride and sodium- --which are the two most abundant elements---started out in rocks. Water and acids eroded the rocks, and rivers carried the elements into the sea.

6. The average salinity of the ocean is 35‰. The oceans usually contain 35 parts of salt for every 1,000 parts of sea water. Salinity is lower in some places where there is a lot of fresh water coming into the ocean (near river deltas). Salinity is higher where the Sun is very strong and evaporation is greater than precipitation. You Decide…

7. Natural Processes Affecting Salinity Video Clip on Salt

8. THREE TEMPERATURE ZONES 1. Surface (sea level down to 300m) 2. Thermocline (300m-700m)an area of rapid temperature decrease with increased depth 3. Deep water (700m-bottom) Surface Zone Deep Water

9. THE IMMENSE OCEAN FLOOR The partially submerged outer extension of a continent is called the continental margin which is made of continental crust. The continental margin is divided into different regions: 1. Shelf extends outward from the continent 2. Shelf break (where shelf ends and slope begins) 3. Slope 4. Rise (only in passive ) 5. Abyssal plain aka the flat part of the ocean floor 6. Trench (only in active )

10. TWO TYPES OF MARGINS: PASSIVE --- not near plate boundaries- -- Passive continental margins are those passively moving away from sites of seafloor spreading PASSIVE CONTINENTAL MARGIN EXAMPLE: ATLANTIC OCEAN

11. ACTIVE ---near plate boundaries--- Active continental margins are those found in subduction zones, where trenches are created ACTIVE CONTINENTAL MARGIN EXAMPLE: PACIFIC OCEAN What feature do you see in the active continental margin that you did not see in the passive continental margin? trench

12. LIFE IN THE OCEAN There are 3 groups of ocean life: 1.PLANKTON — microscopic floaters like phytoplankton 2. NEKTON — free swimmers like fish, whales and sharks 3.BENTHOS— bottom feeders that live in the sand, like clams and crabs

13. PLANKTON (floaters) PHYTOPLANKTON ZOOPLANKTON

14. NEKTON (swimmers) Squid Whales SharkFish

15. BENTHIC ORGANISMS (bottom dwellers) Starfish Cluster Shrimp Sea Cucumber Lobster Coral Hermit Crab

16. FACT: At the deepest point in the ocean the pressure is more than 8 tons per square inch, or the equivalent of one person trying to support 50 jumbo jets.

17. FACT: At the deepest point in the ocean the pressure is more than 8 tons per square inch, or the equivalent of one person trying to support 50 jumbo jets.