1. ROBOTIC SURGERY

2. INTRODUCTION Robotic surgery is an amalgamation of technology and surgical sciences. Robotic surgery is an amalgamation of technology and surgical sciences. Robots have changed the manufacturing cars and other consumer goods. Robots have changed the manufacturing cars and other consumer goods. Robots have enabled us to see places that humans are not able to visit. Robots have enabled us to see places that humans are not able to visit. Artificial intelligence-resembling humans, self- aware and conscious Artificial intelligence-resembling humans, self- aware and conscious

3. WHAT IS ROBOTIC SURGERY? Robotic surgery is the latest technological advancement that introduces the robotic technology in the field of surgery. Robotic surgery is the latest technological advancement that introduces the robotic technology in the field of surgery. To overcome the surgical limitations of minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. To overcome the surgical limitations of minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. Provides surgeons with the precision and dexterity necessary to perform complex, minimally invasive surgical (MIS) procedures. Provides surgeons with the precision and dexterity necessary to perform complex, minimally invasive surgical (MIS) procedures. Broadened the scope and increased the effectiveness of MIS. Broadened the scope and increased the effectiveness of MIS.

4. ROBOTIC SURGERY

5. WHAT MAKES ROBOTIC SURGERY SO POWERFUL? In Laparoscopic surgery instruments are inserted through small incisions. In Laparoscopic surgery instruments are inserted through small incisions. Laparoscopic instruments are mainly limited to scissors and staplers to close incisions or attach blood vessels. Laparoscopic instruments are mainly limited to scissors and staplers to close incisions or attach blood vessels. Instruments enter the body through a long tube; a video image from a tiny camera called an endoscope poked through another incision guides the surgeon. Instruments enter the body through a long tube; a video image from a tiny camera called an endoscope poked through another incision guides the surgeon. e.g. gall bladder removal e.g. gall bladder removal

6. WHAT MAKES ROBOTIC SURGERY SO POWERFUL? Cannot perform complicated tasks like suturing and knot tying. Cannot perform complicated tasks like suturing and knot tying. Because of these limitations, most operations can’t be performed endoscopically. Because of these limitations, most operations can’t be performed endoscopically. Robotic surgery uses laparoscopic tools, including miniature robotic hands with the dexterity to tie knots. Robotic surgery uses laparoscopic tools, including miniature robotic hands with the dexterity to tie knots. Avoids bigger incisions Avoids bigger incisions

7. WHAT MAKES ROBOTIC SURGERY SO POWERFUL? The Robotic surgical system consists of a pencil- size joystick (one each for the surgeon’s right and left hands), a computer, and right-hand and left-hand end effectors, the robotic instruments that snake into the body to perform the actual surgery. The Robotic surgical system consists of a pencil- size joystick (one each for the surgeon’s right and left hands), a computer, and right-hand and left-hand end effectors, the robotic instruments that snake into the body to perform the actual surgery. It has four joints that rotate, swivel, and swing back and forth and a grasper at the end. As a result: A finger that functions like an entire hand is formed. It has four joints that rotate, swivel, and swing back and forth and a grasper at the end. As a result: A finger that functions like an entire hand is formed.

8. ROBOTIC ARMS

9. WHAT MAKES ROBOTIC SURGERY SO POWERFUL? The surgery is completely anthropomorphic. The surgery is completely anthropomorphic. The system also has tactile sensors that will transmit the feel of tissue to the surgeon’s fingertips. The system also has tactile sensors that will transmit the feel of tissue to the surgeon’s fingertips. Surgeons feel as if they are working with their hands in a normal procedure. Surgeons feel as if they are working with their hands in a normal procedure. These techniques are being successfully introduced in several areas of surgery: neurosurgery, orthopedics, micro-surgery, cardiovascular and general surgery etc. These techniques are being successfully introduced in several areas of surgery: neurosurgery, orthopedics, micro-surgery, cardiovascular and general surgery etc.

10. SUTURING OPERATION

11. WHY GO FOR A ROBOTIC SURGERY? They bring down the cost of the operation. They bring down the cost of the operation. The patient has a faster recovery time because there is fewer traumas. The patient has a faster recovery time because there is fewer traumas. There is less chance of complication. There is less chance of complication. The doctor can see better through fiber optics than with his or her regular sight. The doctor can see better through fiber optics than with his or her regular sight. Robotic arms do not suffer fatigue or tremors as do the human hand. Robotic arms do not suffer fatigue or tremors as do the human hand.

12. STEPS INVOLVED IN CONDUCTING SURGERY 1.Data acquisition and subsequent planning In the pre-operative phase, a patient dependent model of the rigid and de-formable anatomical entities involved in the surgical act have to be built. In the pre-operative phase, a patient dependent model of the rigid and de-formable anatomical entities involved in the surgical act have to be built. The mechanical model of the robotic system is fused in an overall geometric model. The mechanical model of the robotic system is fused in an overall geometric model.

13. 2.Intra-operative assistance Surgeon console- A high definition 3- dimensional image of the area to be operated upon is projected on to a screen. Mechanical controls for the surgeon in the console handle operating the robotic arm. Surgeon console- A high definition 3- dimensional image of the area to be operated upon is projected on to a screen. Mechanical controls for the surgeon in the console handle operating the robotic arm. Image processing equipment- This consists of optical sensors and a Digital signal processor for getting enhanced images. Image processing equipment- This consists of optical sensors and a Digital signal processor for getting enhanced images. Surgical arm cart- This acts as a platform for the entire Robotic arm and is used for controlling the linear movements of the arm. Surgical arm cart- This acts as a platform for the entire Robotic arm and is used for controlling the linear movements of the arm.

14. 2.Intra-operative assistance Hi-Resolution 3-D Endoscope-Consists of an optical fiber and a reflector arrangement. Hi-Resolution 3-D Endoscope-Consists of an optical fiber and a reflector arrangement. Only three holes each about the diameter of a pencil are needed to complete the surgery. Only three holes each about the diameter of a pencil are needed to complete the surgery. Computer-Enhanced Surgical System uses sensitive remote-controlled surgical instruments, guided by a surgeon at a computer keyboard. Computer-Enhanced Surgical System uses sensitive remote-controlled surgical instruments, guided by a surgeon at a computer keyboard. The arms hold specially designed surgical instruments that mimic the actual movement of the surgeon's hands on the joysticks. The arms hold specially designed surgical instruments that mimic the actual movement of the surgeon's hands on the joysticks.

20. 2.Intra-operative assistance The surgeon manipulates the surgical instruments uses joystick-like controls, located just underneath the screen. The surgeon manipulates the surgical instruments uses joystick-like controls, located just underneath the screen. Each time one of the joysticks is moved, a computer sends an electronic signal to one of the instruments, which moves in sync with the movements of the surgeon's hands. Each time one of the joysticks is moved, a computer sends an electronic signal to one of the instruments, which moves in sync with the movements of the surgeon's hands. Used to position an endoscope, perform gallbladder surgery and correct gastroesophogeal reflux and heartburn. Used to position an endoscope, perform gallbladder surgery and correct gastroesophogeal reflux and heartburn.

21. ROBOTIC SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Bandwidth Bandwidth Latency Latency Security Security Reliability Reliability Scalability Scalability

22. WHERE CAN ROBOTIC SURGERY BE USED? "Surgical Robotics" refers to the application of "robotic" technologies, including sensing, manipulation, modeling and geometric analysis, and human-interfaces to increase human physicians’ ability to carry out varied medical procedures. "Surgical Robotics" refers to the application of "robotic" technologies, including sensing, manipulation, modeling and geometric analysis, and human-interfaces to increase human physicians’ ability to carry out varied medical procedures. Neurosurgery, orthopedics, ophthalmology, dentistry, urology, general surgery, gynecology, radiation oncology, and many more fields are relying on robotics for a wide range of uses. Neurosurgery, orthopedics, ophthalmology, dentistry, urology, general surgery, gynecology, radiation oncology, and many more fields are relying on robotics for a wide range of uses.

23. CONCLUSION Robots are finding new ways to get inside the patient, rather than the standard large incision. Robots are finding new ways to get inside the patient, rather than the standard large incision. Surgical robotics systems mark the beginning of a potentially huge wave of surgical applications for robotic technology. Surgical robotics systems mark the beginning of a potentially huge wave of surgical applications for robotic technology. With the emergence of the first completely robotic surgery system, we are crossing the threshold into an amazing new future. With the emergence of the first completely robotic surgery system, we are crossing the threshold into an amazing new future.

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