1. History 102SY The United States and the Middle East 1900 to the Present

2. Lyndon B. Johnson: Taking Sides

3. Middle Eastern themes in popular culture 1962 Dick Dale/Richard Mansur

4. Middle Eastern themes in popular culture 1966

5. Middle Eastern themes in popular culture 1964—Cassius Clay became Muhammad Ali Knocking out Sonny Liston With Malcolm X

6. Lyndon B. Johnson: Taking Sides

7. Lyndon B. Johnson 1963-1969

8. Kennedy’s effort to balance conflicting interests in ME, already faltering by 1963, collapsed altogether under Johnson

9. Johnson sided openly with the Shah of Iran against his internal opposition; with conservative Arab regimes against Nasser’s Egypt; and with Israel against the Arab states as a whole

10. NasserJordan’s King Hussein

11. Johnson sided openly with the Shah of Iran against his internal opposition; with conservative Arab regimes against Nasser’s Egypt; and with Israel against the Arab states as a whole With Israeli PM Levi Eshkol

12. On Iran, Johnson returned to policy of nearly unconditional support for Shah

15. Johnson wanted Shah to fill vacuum that would be left by Britain’s departure from Persian Gulf

16. Inside Iran, US-Iranian Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) aroused intense opposition

18. Ayatollah Khomeini became national hero for denouncing SOFA and Shah

19. ... so Shah deported Khomeini and cracked down even harder on internal dissent, via SAVAK Khomeini departing for exile, 1965

20. US-Egyptian relations rapidly deteriorated under Johnson; Nasser and Johnson had visceral dislike for each other

22. Series of misunderstandings between two leaders, many of them minor or symbolic, led to cancellation of PL 480 program

24. Johnson forged closer ties to conservative Arab regimes With King Faisal of Saudi Arabia

25. Johnson had especially close relationship with Israel With Israeli PM Levi Eshkol

26. Johnson was concerned about Dimona facility but failed to prevent Israel from becoming nuclear power

27. Asst. Secretary of Defense Paul Warnke and Israeli Ambassador to US Yitzhak Rabin, November 12, 1968 Warnke Rabin

28. Asst. Secretary of Defense Paul Warnke and Israeli Ambassador to US Yitzhak Rabin, November 12, 1968

29. 1956-1957—Following British, French, and Israeli attack on Egypt, Eisenhower pressured Israel to withdraw from Egyptian territory 1967 War

30. Israel complied but got concessions in return: termination of Egyptian blockade of Strait of Tiran and stationing of UN peacekeeping force in Sinai and Gaza Strip

35. Gamal Abdel Nasser vs. King Hussein

36. May 1967—Nasser moved forces into Sinai, requested withdrawal of UN peacekeepers, and reinstated blockade of Strait of Tiran

37. After strait closure, Israelis consulted with Johnson, who urged restraint

38. War fever swept Arab world

39. King Hussein and Nasser signing mutual defense pact

40. Israelis sought further assurances from Johnson

41. Abe Fortas

42. June 1967—Israel launched preemptive strike against Egyptian air force; took Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip from Egypt, West Bank from Jordan, Golan Heights from Syria

44. Israel took Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip from Egypt; West Bank from Jordan, Golan Heights from Syria

45. New wave of Palestinian refugees

46. Eisenhower’s and Johnson’s different approaches

48. Called for land-for-peace deal but was vague on specifics and procedure November 1967—UN Security Council passed Resolution 242