1. NANO-BIOTECHNOLOGY TISSUE ENGINEERING ABSTRACT ABSTRACT NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY TISSUE ENGINEERING TISSUE ENGINEERING COMPONENTS OF TISSUE ENGINEERED CONSTRUCTS COMPONENTS OF TISSUE ENGINEERED CONSTRUCTS NANOSTRUCTURE AND BIOMECHANICS OF BONE AND CARTILAGE NANOSTRUCTURE AND BIOMECHANICS OF BONE AND CARTILAGE LATEST ACHIVEMENTS LATEST ACHIVEMENTS CONCLUSION CONCLUSION

2. ABSTRACT For the continuous monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment of neural tissue, implantable probes are required. For the continuous monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment of neural tissue, implantable probes are required. The present work developed a carbon nanofibre reinforced polycarbonate urethane (PU). The present work developed a carbon nanofibre reinforced polycarbonate urethane (PU). Electrical and mechanical characterization studies determined that such composites have properties suitable for neural and orthopaedic applications. Electrical and mechanical characterization studies determined that such composites have properties suitable for neural and orthopaedic applications.

3. NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

4. NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY  Nano-biotechnology is an interdisciplinary area of research and development.  An important aspect of Nan biotechnology is materials science.  This technology is expected to shape the future such as by replacing silicon with carbon technology.

5. TISSUE ENGINEERING TISSUE ENGINEERING Tissue Engineering – an outlook. Tissue Engineering – an outlook. Why tissue engineering? Why tissue engineering? Concept of tissue engineering. Concept of tissue engineering.

6. AN OUTLOOK Tissue engineering is a technology to create tissues or organs formed by cells. Tissue engineering is a technology to create tissues or organs formed by cells. Tissue engineered medical devices (TEMDs). Tissue engineered medical devices (TEMDs). Tissue engineering requires the integrated development of generic technologies. Tissue engineering requires the integrated development of generic technologies.

7. WHY TISSUE ENGINEERING  In the case of any organ failure the only existing therapeutic options are supportive measures and transplant.  By assembling cells and scaffolds into engineered tissue, it is hoped that implants can virtually replace the functions of the damaged tissue.

8. SIMPLE CONCEPT

9. COMPONENTS OF TISSUE ENGINEERED CONSTRUCTS CELLS AND SCAFFOLDS CELLS AND SCAFFOLDS BIOMATERIAL SCAFFOLDS BIOMATERIAL SCAFFOLDS SYNTHESIZATION SYNTHESIZATION

10. CELLS AND SCAFFOLDS TEMPs are unique due to the use of biological and synthetic materials in combination. TEMPs are unique due to the use of biological and synthetic materials in combination. Biological materials (cells and cellular products) provide the biological function whereas the synthetic material provides the structural support. Biological materials (cells and cellular products) provide the biological function whereas the synthetic material provides the structural support.

11. BIOMATERIAL SCAFFOLDS

12. BIOMATERIAL SCAFFOLDS BIOMATERIAL SCAFFOLDS Biomaterials have been primarily utilized in tissue engineering as scaffolds for the cellular components of tissue-engineered constructs. Biomaterials have been primarily utilized in tissue engineering as scaffolds for the cellular components of tissue-engineered constructs.

13. BIOMATERIAL SCAFFOLDS

14. SYNTHESIZATION  electrical fields have been shown to stimulate the healing of bone [1] cartilage, [1] cartilage, [2] skin and connective tissue, [2] skin and connective tissue, [3] cranial and spinal nerves, [3] cranial and spinal nerves, [4] and peripheral nerves. [4] and peripheral nerves.

15. SYNTHESIZATION The use of electro active materials would allow one to locally deliver an electrical stimulus at the site of damage. The use of electro active materials would allow one to locally deliver an electrical stimulus at the site of damage. polypyrrole and polythiophene are class of electro active polymers. polypyrrole and polythiophene are class of electro active polymers.

16. ORTHOPEDIC APPLICATION

17. NANOSTRUCTURE AND BIOMECHANICS OF BONE AND CARTILAGE Bone and cartilage are compound tissues consisting of an organic matrix (collagen) and small mineral particles (hydroxyappatite). Bone and cartilage are compound tissues consisting of an organic matrix (collagen) and small mineral particles (hydroxyappatite). The mineral particles have a typical thickness of about 3 nm and a length of a few hundreds of nanometers. The mineral particles have a typical thickness of about 3 nm and a length of a few hundreds of nanometers.

18. Bio-Engineered Materials

19. LATEST ACHIVEMENTS Polyethylene oligomers ( molecular switches). Polyethylene oligomers ( molecular switches). IBM created the world’s smallest solid –state light emitter. IBM created the world’s smallest solid –state light emitter. Illinois scientists developed imaging technique (electron distraction waves) for nanotubes. Illinois scientists developed imaging technique (electron distraction waves) for nanotubes. University of California engineers – grow nanowires on microstructure at room temperature. University of California engineers – grow nanowires on microstructure at room temperature. UCLA explores quantum dots for nanoscale circuitry. UCLA explores quantum dots for nanoscale circuitry. IBM’s millipede project – a data storage density of 1 trillion bits per square inch IBM’s millipede project – a data storage density of 1 trillion bits per square inch

20. Future Thrust Defence. Defence. Medicine. Medicine. Nanocomputers. Nanocomputers. Optical Chips. Optical Chips. Nano Engineering. Nano Engineering. Genetic Engineering. Genetic Engineering. Research (Avionics). Research (Avionics). Satellite Communciations (NASA). Satellite Communciations (NASA). Nano-Polymers. Nano-Polymers.

21. CONCLUSION This interdisciplinary field applies the principles of engineering and the life sciences to the development of bioartificial tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary field applies the principles of engineering and the life sciences to the development of bioartificial tissues and organs. Tissue engineering offers new hope. Tissue engineering offers new hope. It allows the patient to regenerate or re-grow tissues naturally, new possibilities for healing become available. It allows the patient to regenerate or re-grow tissues naturally, new possibilities for healing become available.

22. ANY QUERIES?