1. Applications of our DNA knowledge
I. To Catch a Thief…..Gel Electrophoresis
II. Making the Products You Buy Better….Biotechnology

2. Simulating Gel Electrophoresis
Who licked Jimmy's lollipop?

3. The short version of how DNA fingerprints are made
DNA is (-) charged. When you turn on the gel, the DNA samples move across to the (+) side.
Because the gel is porous, large fragments get stuck and don’t move far whereas small fragments move farther.

4. Interpreting a Gel – Who left the blood stain?

5. Interpreting a Gel – Who are the parents of this soldier?

6. Key Terms for Biotechnology
1. Biotechnology: Any process that uses our understanding of living things to create a
product.
2. Recombinant DNA: DNA produced by combining DNA from different organisms.
3. Transgenic Organisms: Any organism whose genome incorporates and expresses genes
from the same or a different species.
4. Plasmid: Circular piece of DNA found in bacteria.
5. Restriction Enzymes: Enzymes that cut DNA at certain sequences.
6. Gene (or sequence) of Interest: A piece of DNA that codes for a protein we want more
of……for example, the gene for human insulin.
7. Transformation: The changing of one strain of bacteria into another strain.
8. Gene Therapy: Application of genetic engineering techniques to alter or replace
defective genes.
9. Genetically modified products: Altering the DNA of an organism to get it to express different
traits.

7. The Human Genome Project
This endeavor seeks to map the entire human genome.
In other words, scientists want to know the sequence of every gene, what each gene does, and where on each chromosome the gene is located.
Scientists could use this knowledge to identify people with faulty gene sequences and to develop technologies to put in correct copies of the gene.

8. The Steps to Genetically Engineer an Organism

9. Genetically Engineered Products

10. Production of Human Insulin

11. Golden Rice http://www.goldenrice.org/Content4-Info/info4_media.html

12. Glowing Organisms

13. Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone

14. Spider Silk http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/spider/goat.jpg

15. Others Edible Vaccine Bt Crops http://go.ucsusa.org/images/btcrops.jpg