1. The Cardiovascular System Catherine Walker, Mikaela Echegaray, Schiefer, Zoe

2. The cardiovascular System ❤ The cardiovascular system is the “highway for blood.” ❤ This system includes the heart, the veins and arteries and the approximately 5 liters of blood within the body. ❤ The cardiovascular system allows for blood to circulate and carry nutrients throughout the body.

3. The Heart ❤ The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, medial to the lungs and posterior to the sternum. ❤ The human heart is roughly the size of a fist and weighs between 10 to 12 ounces, in men and 8 to 10 ounces in women. ❤ The human heart has four chambers, two upper chambers (the atria), and two lower chambers (the ventricles). ❤ The heart functions to circulate blood through the body. The two passageways are called the pulmonary and systemic circuits.. ❤ The heart carries vital materials throughout the body and removes unnecessary wastes. ❤ An adult heart beats about 60 to 80 times per minute. Newborns’ hearts beat faster than human hearts at about 70 to 190 beats per minute.

4. The Arteries ❤ They are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart ❤ They all carry oxygenated blood, except for the umbilical and pulmonary arteries ❤ The largest one is the aorta which is connected to the left ventricle of the heart ❤ A pulse can be felt where a large artery lies near the surface

5. The Veins ❤ Unlike the arteries, veins carry oxygen-poor blood. ❤ All the veins in a child if laid out would be 60,000 miles long, an adult would be about 100,000 miles. ❤ Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. There are 4 pulmonary veins, two for each lung. ❤ Systemic veins carry deoxygenated blood. The groups are coronary, Superior Vena Cava, and Inferior Vena Cava. ❤ The Superior Vena Cava is in the upper body, the Inferior Vena Cava is in the lower body.

6. Blood ❤ Blood takes up about 7% of our body weight. ❤ It Is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. ❤ Blood transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and hormones around the body. ❤ Blood helps in regulating homeostasis. The blood level increases to cause the vessels to dilate and cool the body. ❤ Blood also helps to protect the body when cut by clotting at the open wound.

7. Body System and Homeostasis ❤ Homeostasis depends on if the heart pumps or not. ❤ The cardiovascular system works with the brain to maintain homeostasis by supplying glucose and oxygen throughout the body. ❤ When we exercise our blood vessels dilate to compensate for the rise in body temperature. ❤ Also, when our heart rate rises, our heart beats faster and pumps more blood to our cells to provide them with more oxygen.

8. Check For Understanding ❤ How big is the heart? ❤ How many chambers does the heart have? ❤ What is the largest artery called? ❤ What kind of blood do veins carry? Roughly the size of a fist Four The aorta Oxygenated-poor blood

9. Coronary Artery Disease ❤ Occurs when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries ❤ There is no cure, but there is a treatment ❤ It is the most common type of heart disease and the leading cause of death in the U.S. ❤ Symptoms include nothing, chest pain, or a heart attack ❤ You are more at risk of this if you smoke, have high blood pressure, have diabetes, or if you don’t exercise regularly

10. Deep Vein Thrombosis ❤ DVT is when a blood clot occurs in your deep veins, usually in the arm or leg. ❤ Symptoms include swelling, pain, tenderness, warmth, and redness of the arm or leg. ❤ Can be treated with blood thinning medication. ❤ Becomes life threatening when the clot breaks off and travels through the bloodstream into the lungs, called a Pulmonary Embolism.

11. Congestive heart failure ❤ There are two types of heart failure: systolic and diastolic. ❤ Heart failure is caused when the heart cannot pump enough blood through the body. ❤ Symptoms of heart failure include: shortness of breath, swollen legs and ankles, dizziness, fatigue,and rapid or irregular heartbeats. ❤ Heart failure usually results in an enlarged heart. ❤ It is usually diagnosed with blood tests and a chest X-ray.

12. Hemophilia ❤ Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disease where a person’s blood lacks significant proteins for clotting. ❤ It is very dangerous to have deep bleeding inside your body because the blood take a very long time to clot ❤ Fun Fact: Queen Victoria was a carrier of Hemophilia and many of her descendants had the disease.

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