1. xFDTD : Full-wave, 3D, Electromagnetic Analysis Software Joshua H. Park RF Engineering Laboratory Neuroscience Research Institute

2. Introduction Simulation software –Developed by Remcom (Pennsylvania, USA) 3-Dimensional Maxwell equations solver –Electric field calculation –Magnetic field calculation –Wave propagation

3. Creating a Simulation Software Organization Constructing the Geometry Creating the Mesh Defining Run Parameters Requesting Results

4. Software Organization 1.Actual RF Coil Geometry Design –Number of Elements –Dimension 2.Actual RF Coil Material Selection

5. Constructing the Geometry Define the building material Use Cartesian coordinate system for geometry construction Build Virtual RF coil with the actual dimension within the program

6. Creating the Mesh Makes Virtual space containing the RF coil geometry with virtual samples –Define Grid –Cell size –Cell dimension

7. Virtual Samples : Phantom User-defined 3D sample : –Shape –Size –Conductivity value –Permittivity value

8. Virtual Samples : Human Head High-definition 3D sample : –3D Human Head –Different tissue types

9. Simulation Defining Run Parameters User-selected: –Frequency –Capacitor –Resistor –Inductor –Active Ports –Polarity –Input source Power –Waveform Requesting Results Electric Field Magnetic Field Flux Density Rotating Field Specific Absorption Rate S-parameter

10. Field Distribution in Human Head

13. Field Distribution in Phantom

16. Summary 3D Maxwell Equation Solver Contains Virtual Model of the Actual RF Coil Shape, Dimension, and Material User-Controlled Waveform and Power Source induce EM Fields in Samples Graphically Represents the Distribution of EM Fields Induced in Samples Acquired Data Allow the SAR-value Calculation