1. The Cell - State the cell theory. - Describe how the different types of microscopes work. -Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. -Determine what Differentiated and Stem Cells are.

2. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Life Is Cellular The Cell Theory The cell theory states: 1. All living things are made up of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3. New cells are produced from existing cells.

3. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Life Is Cellular Light Microscopes A typical light microscope allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to form an image. Because light waves are scattered as they pass through matter, light microscopes can only magnify objects 1000x.

4. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Life Is Cellular Electron Microscopes Electron microscopes offer much higher resolution than light microscopes. But MUST be used in a vacuum, so only NONLIVING specimens can be studied. There are two major types of electron microscopes: transmission and scanning.

5. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Life Is Cellular Transmission Electron Microscopes Transmission electron microscopes produce flat, two-dimensional images. Mag ~ 50-1 mill. x $30,000- $500,000

6. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Life Is Cellular Scanning Electron Microscopes Scanning electron microscopes produce three- dimensional images of the specimen’s surface. Mag 1000-100,000x $150,000

7. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Life Is Cellular Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Eukaryotes are cells that enclose their DNA in a nucleus. Prokaryotes are cells that do not enclose their DNA in nucleus.

8. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Life Is Cellular Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. The organisms we call bacteria are prokaryotes. Prokaryotes

9. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Life Is Cellular Eukaryotes Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. Most eukaryotic cells contain dozens of structures and internal membranes. There are many types of eukaryotes: plants, animals, fungi and protists.

10. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Life Is Cellular Differentiated Cells Cell differentiation is how generic embryonic cells become specialized cells. This occurs through a process called gene expression. Gene expression is the specific combination of genes that are turned on or off (expressed or repressed), and this is what determines how a cell functions.

11. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Life Is Cellular Stem Cells A Stem Cell is an undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation. Totipotent – can become ALL cells Pluripotent – can become cells of the body NOT placenta or its support structures. Multipotent – adult stem cells, can give rise to a limited number of cell