1. The Zero-program against Bullying Erling Roland

2. BULLYING It is bullying when one or several individuals, repeatedly and over time, is exposed to negative behaviour from one or several other individuals (p.3). A certain degree of helplessness in the victim (p.4) Olweus & Roland (1983)

3. 1. DYNAMICS OF BULLYING Reactive aggression Frustration Anger Aggression Insult Cognitive breakdown

4. Proactive Aggression AFFILIATION POWER VICTIM BYSTANDERS A B C

5. Power Affiliation Reduced responsibility Dehumanisation

6. 2. GENERAL PREVEVTION The principle of authoritative classroom leadership, which reduces bullying (Roland & Galloway, 2002).

7. Peer group Leadership friendship concentration norms Social- standard Routines Support Control Certainty is a key

8. Peer Group Classroom leadership Bullying

9. 3. BULLYING FOCUSED PREVENTION Social events The subjects Planned sessions each week ‘talks with the pupils ‘literature ‘films ‘role play Individual talks with the pupils

10. 3. SCHOOL YARD/CORRIDOR MONITORING Zero Vest Several teachers/assistants “on duty” Walking around Small talk with man Zero tolerance of negative behaviour Teacher certainty

11. 4. THE PARENTS Parents meeting The welcome Small tables General information The Zero programme Individual meetings Academic issues Social issues Bullying

12. 5. INTERVENTION Talk(s) with victim first Talk with bullies one by one Talks with the group of bullies Talks with the parents Follow up

13. 6. THE GOOD START PRINCIPLE The school yard The classroom Welcome ceremony The headmaster/rector

14. 7. SCHOOL LEADERSHIP Same principles as classroom leadership ‘towards the staff ‘be visible for the pupils The school yard The classrooms School parents meeting

15. Keep Zero on the agenda Symbols: Zero material Meetings with staff/seminars Be interested Be informed about bullying cases

16. Implementation The Resource Group Support System gives seminars The Staff One-day seminar on 1-7 Small follow up seminars arranged by the school The “Action Plan”

17. Material Books, films etc.

18. Basic Research Baseline, spring Effect, next spring Results: Primary school Bullies Victims Secondary school Bullies Victims Discussion of results

19. The Norwegian Manifesto Against Bullying. Launched: Sept 2002 by the Prime Minister Partners: The Government, the Teachers’ Union, the Municipalities’ Union, the Parental union, and the Ombudsman for Children. Mission: Co-operate on Zero-tolerance of bullying Activities Many national initiatives by the partners towards the respective target groups. About 75% of the schools reported increased or clearly increased anti-bullying work

20. Background manifesto A strong research tradition in the Nordic Countries starting about 1970. Media concern National anti-bullying campaigns: 1983: The Ministry of Education initiated the first national campaign.

21. Bullying is: It is bullying when one or several individuals, repeatedly and over time, is exposed to negative behaviour from one or several other individuals (p.3). A certain degree of helplessness in the victim (p.4) Olweus & Roland (1983)

22. Bullying A package of material, including a booklet (Olweus & Roland, 1983), to all schools in Norway. 1996-97. The Second National Campaign Centre for behavioural Research was responsible for content and implementation strategy. The content was a direct precursor of the Zero-program.

23. The -program A broad school approach Bullying is understood as a kind of proactive aggression Zero-tolerance Adult responsibility Pupil involvement

24. Prevention: Classroom leadership A short, structured discussion on bullying each weak Meetings with parents Monitoring schoolyard etc.. Intervention: The pupil who is bullied Individual talks with those who bully Group talk Involving the parents

25. Implementation of 3-5 schools together Head-teacher and resource group Network between the 3-5 schools Seminar day to all staff Seminars to resource groups Back up from CBR The schools’ own document to prevent and stop bullying Baseline survey: Spring before start of program

26. Effect study next spring, 4 months before end of program Main result: A significant reduction of about 25% at primary level after one year, 4 months before end of program Secondary level: Between 15 and 20% reduction