1. Islamic Intellectual Theology Lesson 36 The Appointed Leadership “IMAAMAT” The Conspiracy of the “Democracy” Part Six Was “Democracy” implemented in in determining the KHILAAFAT? Edited: March 16, 2009 - BHD

2. What Happened At SAQEEFA?  Prophet is dying. ANSAAR in Medina gather in SAQEEFA and were discussing the issue of KHILAAFAT.  The news comes to Abu Bakr and Umar that the KHILAAFAT was being taken and since they had a deep interest in it they hurried or may lose the opportunity. They left the Prophet (s) immediately heading for SAQEEFA taking Abu Obaydah with them.  The people from ANSAAR were going to choose a leader from amongst them in Sa’adh bin Ubadah. They mentioned when they were asked about claiming the KHILAAFAT that we are the ones who deserve the leadership since we gave you cloth, grandeur, spouses and began bragging about the bounties they gave to the people of Mecca.  The MUHAJIR started putting in their argument, in that we are the ones who strived with the Prophet for 23 years, etc. and thus deserve it.

3.  The people of Medina proposed the following; One leader from you and one leader from us.  Umar said (these words carry the secret of SAQEEFA); “2 Swords cannot stay in 1 Sheath” meaning that we will have to fight for it. These words were used by Arabs as a threat.  What happened? People of Medina who were mostly farmers and had not participated in many battles said we don’t want to get involved. Take the KHILAAFAT. Even here they were forced to leave.  What type of “democracy” is this? What Happened At SAQEEFA? - 2

4.  Why? They had Khalid bin Walid – the hard hearted soldier who was known to kill the innocent. The people of Medina knew that these people did not care and would do as they wished to get the leadership and thus gave up the claim.  Abu Bakr nominated Umar.  Umar said how can I can I be above the companion of the Prophet (s) …Umar gave a powerful statement in support of Abu Bakr.  Umr said; give me your hand I will give my pledge of allegiance as everybody watched  Is this SHOORA? 10-12 people there gave the pledge of allegiance  The ANSAAR had their hand forced in accepting Abu Bakr. What Happened At SAQEEFA? - 3

5. Book of FADAK (Shaheed M. B. SADR)  The ANSAAR (leaders of AOUS and KHAZRAJ) the main tribes of Medina have gathered with SAAD son of O’BAADAH, in an attempt to nominate him as the leader of the Muslims after the Prophet (s).  Umar heard about it, and took Abu Bakr from the house of the Prophet (s) and on their way they took Abu Obaydah.  Upon their arrival Abu Bakr started to speak and he mentioned the closeness of the Prophet (s) in his criteria; ( نحن أولياؤه وعترته ) We are his people and his family, and we became Muslims before any one.  Comment: Imam Ali (as) and the Hashemites were closer than him.

6. The Criteria Used by Abu Bakr ثم قال : نحن الامراء وأنتم الوزراء لا نفتات عليكم بمشورة ، ولا نقضي دونكم الامور  We will be the leaders and you will be the advisors.  He also said do not be envious about this leadership given by Allah (swt) it is in the hands of your brother migrants.

7. HABAAB opposing Abu Bakr الحباب بن المنذر بن الجموح  He was from the ANSAAR and warned them not to be deceived by the words of Abu Bakr.  And if they refuse then a leader from both sides  UMAR said: Never ever. Two swords cannot settle in one sheath (case). By Allah (swt) the Arabs will not accept your leadership and their Prophet (s) is not from amongst you, and they will never refrain from accepting a leader who is from the same group of the prophet hood. No one should dispute us in the kingdom of Mohammad (s) and we are his close ones and his tribe. فإن أبى هؤلاء إلا ما سمعتم فمنا أمير ومنهم أمير، فقال عمر : هيهات لا يجتمع سيفان في غمد ، والله لا ترضى العرب أن تؤمركم ونبيها من غيركم ولا تمتنع العرب أن تولي أمرها من كانت النبوة منهم ، من ينازعنا سلطان محمد ونحن أولياؤه وعشيرته

8. UMAR warns HABAAB فقال الحباب بن منذر : يا معشر الأنصار املكوا أيديكم ولا تسمعوا مقالة هذا وأصحابه فيذهبوا بنصيبكم من هذا الأمر….  O people of ANSAAR don’t let this leadership get out of your hands and do not listen to this (Umar) and his friends so they take away your share from this leadership, if they refuse then drive them out of this land and you are more worth of it supported, with the support of your swords people came into this religion…. فإن أبوا عليكم فاجلوهم من هذه البلاد وأنتم أحق بهذا الأمر منهم فإنه بأسيافكم دان الناس بهذا الدين  Umar said: Then God will kill you, he said: On the contrary He will kill you. فقال عمر : إذن يقتلك الله ، قال : بل إياك يقتل

9. Abu Ubaydahs’ Warning  Abu Ubaydah: O’ people of ANSAAR your were the first supporters and do not be the first to replace and change (indication of revert which deserves to be killed) فقال أبو عبيدة : يا معشر الأنصار إنكم أول من نصر فلا تكونوا أول من بدل وغير ،  Some of the men there calmed the ANSAAR and agreed that it should be in QURAYSH the tribe of the Prophet (s). فقام بشير ابن سعد والد النعمان بن بشير فقال : يا معشر الأنصار ألا إن محمدا من قريش وقومه أولى به وايم الله لا يراني الله انازعهم هذا الأمر

10. Abu Bakr Presents Umar & Abu Ubaydah  Abu Bakr said: This is Umarand Abu Ubaydah in front of you give your pledge to any one of them. فقال أبو بكر : هذا عمر وأبو عبيدة بايعوا أيهما شئتم  They both refused and said : you are a better MUHAJIR than us, and the KHALIFAH of the messenger in SALAAT, which is the best of the religion, stretch your hand. (comment on the criteria used) فقالا : والله لا نتولى هذا ، الأمر عليك وأنت أفضل المهاجرين وخليفة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم في الصلاة وهي أفضل الدين ، ابسط يدك.  In another narration Umar first asked Abu Ubaydah to stretch his hand.  Abu Ubaydah said how could you even think of that and you have SIDEEQ amongst you.

11. The Fear of AOUS from KHAZRAJ  HABAAB was mad because some of KHAZRAJ gave their pledge to Abu Bakr.  The leader of AOUS said to his supporters; Quickly give the pledge otherwise the KHAZRAJ will become better than us in preceding us by giving their pledge first.  And who ever was there gave pledge to Abo Bakr. فناداه الحباب ابن المنذر يا بشير غفتك غفاق ، أنفست على ابن عمك الأمارة ؟ فقال اسيد ابن خضير رئيس الأوس لأصحابه : والله لئن لم تبايعوا ليكونن للخزرج عليكم الفضيلة أبدا ، وبايعوا أبا بكر وأقبل الناس يبايعونه من كل جانب ( 1 )  From the History book IMAAMAT WA ASSIYAASAT for IBN QOTAYBA.

12. Comments of Shaheed M. B. SADR  Questions: There are several points indicate that there was setup plan made by them, which is indicated by the following points: 1. Why did Umar only inform Abu Bakr about the SAQEEFA? Even though Abu Bakr didn’t want to leave the house of Prophet (s) at that time, Umar insisted and did not tell anyone else. This indicates some type of preplanning and to have someone with the same thoughts to support him. 2. Denial of Umar of the death of the Prophet (s). As mentioned he became hysterical, but the history of UMAR indicates he was tough and rigid and the most blunt companion on the Prophet (s). So that must mean Umar did something to stop the spread of the news until his plan is executed properly. And that happened as we see in the events of SAQEEFA.