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GLACIAL LANDFORMS SHAPE MOUNTAINS Surface features subglacial erosional depositional
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1) Glacier travel: Surface features Crevasses: –V-shaped structures found in the uppermost layer of the glacier. WHY? –brittle deformation –Rarely > 20 m deep
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Accumulation area is often heavily crevassed New Zealand Direction of flow
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Bergschrund: crevasse that separates flowing ice from stagnant ice at the head of a glacier Glacier on Shorong Yul-lha, Nepal
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Icefall: steep, cracked and jumbled ice flows over a drop-off - fast moving!!!! Khumbu Ice fall, Everest
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Ogives : alternate bands of light and dark ice on a glacier
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Glacier des Bossons, French Alps photo: MH Séracs: Ice towers Formed by intersecting crevasses, rapid flow steep slopes
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Penitentes: spiky columns of snow; formed in dry environments Nev. Coropuna, Peruvian Andes
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Moulins water Melt stream: Glacier can have streams on their surface!! Very slushy and slippery!!
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SUB-GLACIAL STREAMS
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ICE CAVE AT BOTTOM OF GLACIER Pastoruri, Peru
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EROSIONAL LANDFORMS OVERVIEW
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CIRQUE a semicircular or amphitheater -shaped bedrock feature created as glaciers scour back into the mountain. This is where the snow and ice forming the glacier first accumulates.
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HANGING GLACIER Occur in tributary glaciers, cause spectacular waterfalls
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ARÊTE steep-sided, sharp-edged bedrock ridge formed by two glaciers eroding away on opposite sides of the ridge
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a pyramid-shaped mountain peak created by glaciers eroding away at different sides of the same mountain. HORN
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COL a low spot or pass along a cirque or an arete.
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GLACIAL POLISH Result of abrasion by sand at bottom of glacier
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STRIATIONS result of individual particles embedded in the glacier scratching the underlying bedrock. lines indicate the orientation of glacial flow.
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NUNATAK Peak surrounded by glaciers but not itself glaciated
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TARN a glacial lake produced by scouring often found in cirques.
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U-shaped valleys a glacially eroded valley large, flat valley bottom
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ROCHE MOUTONNÉE sheepback, or sheep rock large rock knob that resembles a grazing sheep
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DEPOSITION LANDFORMS
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an accumulation of unconsolidated material deposited by glaciers unsorted material (different sizes of particles) particles deposited in moraines material has angular edges. Moraines
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deposited at the snout end of a glacier marks the furthest advance of a glacier caused as a glacier retreats TERMINAL OR END MORAINE End morraine
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unconsolidated material deposited along the sides of an alpine glacier. LATERAL MORAINE Lateral morraine
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MEDIAL MORAINE When two alpine glaciers flow together, their lateral moraines join, forming a medial moraine
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MORAINES: OVERVIEW Medial Moraine
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ERRATICS Large boulders left by glaciers in areas where they obviously don’t belong. Can be 10’s to 100’s of kilometers form point of origin
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GLACIER LANDFORMS OVERVIEW
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