1. The Industrial Revolution 1700-1850 Focuses on the origins and results of the Industrial Revolution and studies technological advances and social effects of industrialization.

2. MANY FACTORS AIDED INDUSTRIAL GROWTH Chapter 22.1 p. 508

3. SECTION REVIEW 22.1 Section Review p. 511 Define: a, c, d Identify: e Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5

4. Define: a.Industrial Revolution Period of increased output of goods made by machines and new inventions c.Enclosure Process by which landowners bought up farm land and rented fields to tenant farmers; new owners often fenced in their land d.Crop Rotation Process of keeping a field fertile by planting different crops each year

5. Identify: e.Royal Society London club for the exchange of scientific ideas

6. Answer: 1.a) When was the Industrial Revolution? Middle 1700’s b) How did it differ from other revolutions? An economic, not political, revolution

7. Answer: 2.a) How did enclosure help scientific farming? A landowner with a large estate was free to experiment with scientific farming methods b) How did scientific farming affect the labor force? Forced small farmers off the land c) How did rising population help the Industrial Revolution? Supplied extra workers and created a demand for goods

8. Answer: 3.Describe the five factors that contributed to industrialization in Great Britain. Abundant natural resources, especially water power and coal Favorable geography, an island nation with many harbours Favorable climate for new ideas Good banking system, with loans available at reasonable rates Political stability, with no wars on British soil 5.Was the revolution in agriculture necessary to the Industrial Revolution? Explain. Scientific farming was needed to nourish a growing population. The displaced small farmers/landowners became part of the industrial work force

9. BRITAIN LED THE RISE OF INDUSTRY Chapter 22.2 p. 511

10. SECTION REVIEW 22.2 Section Review p. 514 Answer: 1, 2, 3

11. Answer: 1.a) What British industry did the first inventions of the Industrial Revolution affect? Textile b) Why were merchants in this industry looking for ways to speed up production? To keep up with the great demand 2.a) Name the six inventions that transformed the cotton industry. Flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water-frame, spinning mule, power loom, cotton gin b) How did each of these inventions lead to another? With the invention of the flying shuttle, spinners could not keep up with weavers. The spinning jenny solved that problem; The water-frame added power to drive the spinning wheels, and features of both were combined to form the spinning mule. Cotton gin increased production of raw cotton for factories. Power loom was developed to speed up weaving.

12. Answer: 3.a) What drawback did early power looms and spinning machines have? Ran on water power and needed to be located near streams b) How did the invention of the steam engine solve this problem? Steam as a source of power could be used anytime and anywhere

13. INDUSTRY GREW AND SPREAD TO NEW LANDS Chapter 22.3 p. 514

14. SECTION REVIEW 22.3 Section Review p. 518 Answer: 1, 4, 5

15. Answer: 1.a) Name two ways goods were transported before the Industrial Revolution. Barges and horse-drawn carts b) How was each method improved? A network of canals was built; Macadam improved roads by building roadbeds with drainage 4.What did Britain do to prevent the spread of industrialization? Forbade engineers, mechanics, and tool makers to leave the country, or anyone in Britain to sell machines to other countries

16. Answer: 5.How was improved transportation both a cause and an effect of the Industrial Revolution? Cause: made possible the enlargement of markets necessary for continued expansion. Effect: Railroad and canals grew out of industrial needs

17. Others Chapter 24.1, p. 548-549 Chapter 26.1, p. 592-597

18. INDUSTRY CHANGED WAYS OF LIFE Chapter 22.4 p. 519

19. SECTION REVIEW 22.4 Section Review p. 523 Define: a Identify: a, b Answer: 1, 2, 3a, 5

20. Define: a.Union: An organization that bargains for better working conditions and higher wages

21. Identify: a.Factory Act of 1833: Law that regulated child labor in factories b.Mines Act of 1842: Law that set limits on the work of children in mining

22. Answer: 1.a) Why did people flock into British cities and towns during the Industrial Revolution? To work in factories b) What problems arose as cities grew? Poor housing, sanitation, and education; unplanned growth of cities 2.a) Compare work in the country with city work. Country – family worked as a unit, long hours from dawn to dusk, subject to weather City – depended on factory bell, no seasonal change of pace, children at mercy of overseer 2.b) What part did children play in factory work? Did exhausting, sometimes dangerous work, 12-14 hours daily for little pay

23. Answer: 3.a) What social class expanded as a result of industrialization? Middle class 5.a) Why did workers join together in unions? To bargain for better working conditions and higher wages b) How did the British government react? Denied right to form unions