1. AMENDMENT 1 1791

2. SUPREME COURT CASES: (Leave Blank For Now) PICTURE THAT REPRESENTS THIS AMENDMENT: (Make sure you have a visual that helps YOU remember!) MINE: RAPPS “Religion, Assembly, Press, Petition, Speech” EXPLAIN THE AMENDMENT: Guarantees freedoms of: *Religion: By the Establishment Clause (prevents government from “establishing” and official religion and/or favoring one religion over another) And By the Free Exercise Clause (allows citizens to freely choose if and how to worship their religion – with reasonable limits, ie: no human sacrifice!) *Assembly: Allows citizens to PEACEFULLY assemble (for political protests, for example) *Petition: Allows citizens to “REDRESS THEIR GRIEVANCES” against government, meaning they can request action from government and get other citizens’ support (by signatures) *Press: Allows citizens to CRITICIZE the government (as long as it’s truthful) without fear of punishment *Speech: Allows mainly free POLITICAL speech without fear of punishment; also includes freedom of “expression” through things like art and clothing WHY WE HAVE IT/WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? Religion from colonists’ desire for religious freedom Assembly, Petition, Press, Speech from colonists trying to “fix” issues with Great Britain; like the list of grievances against the King in the Declaration; address injustices like the Intolerable Acts, unfair taxation, violation of rights

3. AMENDMENT 2 1791

4. SUPREME COURT CASES: (Leave Blank For Now) PICTURE THAT REPRESENTS THIS AMENDMENT: (Make sure you have a visual that helps YOU remember!) MINE: EXPLAIN THE AMENDMENT: Guarantees the right to bear arms (weapons/guns) Says STATES can maintain a MILITIA (like the National Guard) (however, the President can “federalize” the militia according to the Constitution) WHY WE HAVE IT/WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? Fighting against Great Britain (an all-powerful central government) Need to form militias in states to defend against a too-powerful federal government Can form “minutemen”, even today!

5. AMENDMENT 3 1791

6. SUPREME COURT CASES: (Leave Blank For Now) PICTURE THAT REPRESENTS THIS AMENDMENT: (Make sure you have a visual that helps YOU remember!) MINE: Say: “Amendment 3, ain’t no soldier gonna stay with me!” EXPLAIN THE AMENDMENT: States that citizens cannot be required to house soldiers in their homes IN TIMES OF PEACE During times of war, it may be required, but the federal government will make laws about how that should happen WHY WE HAVE IT/WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? The Quartering Act!

7. AMENDMENT 4 1791

8. SUPREME COURT CASES: (Leave Blank For Now) PICTURE THAT REPRESENTS THIS AMENDMENT: (Make sure you have a visual that helps YOU remember!) MINE: 4 (a house) EXPLAIN THE AMENDMENT: *Says police must have a search warrant to search your home; police can still search if they have: -Consent to search, evidence is in plain sight, they are in “hot pursuit” (chasing a suspect) *Warrants come from a judge/magistrate and MUST be VERY SPECIFIC! *Evidence obtained illegally CANNOT EVER be used in court – this is called the “EXCLUSIONARY RULE” of the 4 th amendment WHY WE HAVE IT/WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? The Writs of Assistance!

9. AMENDMENT 5 1791

10. SUPREME COURT CASES: (Leave Blank For Now) PICTURE THAT REPRESENTS THIS AMENDMENT: (Make sure you have a visual that helps YOU remember!) MINE: EXPLAIN THE AMENDMENT: *Guarantees right to a GRAND JURY trial to be indicted (charged) for a crime BEFORE a trial (not the “petit jury” of 12 people who decides if you are guilty during a trial) *Prohibits DOUBLE JEOPARDY (means you can’t be tried twice for the same crime) *EMINENT DOMAIN: The government can take private property for public use, but must pay owner a fair price *DUE PROCESS: Means that laws must apply equally to everyone *RIGHT TO REMAIN SILENT: Prevents “self-incrimination”; you do not have to testify against yourself WHY WE HAVE IT/WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? *Protect from unfair actions by a federal government (lots are in the List of Grievances in the Declaration) *Eminent Domain was to protect property rights (a key element of capitalism & democracy) *Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Due Process, Right to Remain Silent – all designed to protect citizens from unfair trials! Grand Jury (your thumb is your “grandest” finger) Double Jeopardy (thumb + finger = 2 (double – for double jeopardy) Middle Finger (you show the gvt. When they come to take your property Hold pinky finger to lips and say “Shhhh” for remaining silent Ring Finger: Say “I Do Process” for due process

11. AMENDMENT 6 1791

12. SUPREME COURT CASES: (Leave Blank For Now) PICTURE THAT REPRESENTS THIS AMENDMENT: (Make sure you have a visual that helps YOU remember!) MINE: EXPLAIN THE AMENDMENT: *Guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury *Accused criminals have the right to witnesses for their defense *Accused criminals have the right to a lawyer (defense, counsel, or attorney) *Accused criminals have the right to be informed of the charges against them; this is called “Habeas Corpus”. It means you must be told why you are in jail WHY WE HAVE IT/WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? *Protects citizens from unfair trials by a federal government (lots are in the List of Grievances in the Declaration) *Protects citizens ACCUSED of crimes (innocent until proven guilty) Wheels on the number “6” for the “Speedy Six” 6

13. AMENDMENT 7 1791

14. SUPREME COURT CASES: (Leave Blank For Now) PICTURE THAT REPRESENTS THIS AMENDMENT: (Make sure you have a visual that helps YOU remember!) MINE: EXPLAIN THE AMENDMENT: *Citizens have the right to a jury trial in CIVIL cases if value over $20.00 WHY WE HAVE IT/WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? *Helps protect property rights (mainly dealing with Civil Cases – money involved) *Allows a JURY, not a judge to decide a Civil Case

15. AMENDMENT 8 1791

16. SUPREME COURT CASES: (Leave Blank For Now) PICTURE THAT REPRESENTS THIS AMENDMENT: (Make sure you have a visual that helps YOU remember!) MINE: EXPLAIN THE AMENDMENT: *Prevents cruel and unusual punishment *Prevents excessive bail Bail: amount paid to get out jail until trial date; do get the money back Bail bondsman: Company that will pay your bail for you BUT you must pay them a percent of your bail – you don’t get it back WHY WE HAVE IT/WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? *Protection of indiscriminate punishment and unjust punishment (List of Grievances in Declaration)

17. AMENDMENT 9 1791

18. SUPREME COURT CASES: (Leave Blank For Now) PICTURE THAT REPRESENTS THIS AMENDMENT: (Make sure you have a visual that helps YOU remember!) MINE: EXPLAIN THE AMENDMENT: *Says citizens have more rights than those in the Constitution (like privacy – uses amendment #s 9, 4) WHY WE HAVE IT/WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? *Framers did not want to limit CITIZENS’ rights, only have a solid list of Civil Rights for government to protect *This gives an “et cetera” to the Bill of Rights FOR citizens! 9 Flip “9” around for a “P” “P”eople’s Rights

19. AMENDMENT 10 1791

20. SUPREME COURT CASES: (Leave Blank For Now) PICTURE THAT REPRESENTS THIS AMENDMENT: (Make sure you have a visual that helps YOU remember!) MINE: EXPLAIN THE AMENDMENT: *Says that any rights / powers not given to the federal government are given to STATES or people (Reserved Powers) WHY WE HAVE IT/WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? *Similar to amendment 9, framers wanted to LIMIT federal government power by also giving power to STATES

21. AMENDMENT 14 1868

22. SUPREME COURT CASES: (Leave Blank For Now) PICTURE THAT REPRESENTS THIS AMENDMENT: (Make sure you have a visual that helps YOU remember!) MINE: EXPLAIN THE AMENDMENT: (1)Sets rules on who can be a citizen (allowed African American MEN to become citizens) (2)Says STATES can’t take away citizens’ rights (3)Gives “equal protection under the law” WHY WE HAVE IT/WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? *(1)After the Civil War, Amendment 13 abolished slavery, so then freed slaves (males) could become CITIZENS *(2)Since Bill of Rights was designed to limit power of FEDERAL government, Amendment 14 also limits power of STATES over the citizens *(3)Tries to ensure equality for ALL