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Art Through the Times
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1. Realism & Expression Expulsion from the Garden Masaccio 1427 First nudes since classical times.
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2. Perspective Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! Perspective! Perspective! The Trinity Masaccio 1427 What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.
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3. Classicism Greco-Roman influence. Secularism. Humanism. Individualism free standing figures. Symmetry/Balance The “Classical Pose” Medici “Venus” (1c)
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4. Emphasis on Individualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.
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5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate Leonardo da Vinci 1469 The figure as architecture!
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6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges Chiaroscuro Sfumato
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7. Artists as Personalities/Celebrities Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects Giorgio Vasari 1550
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Filippo Brunelleschi 1377 - 1436 Architect Cuppolo of St. Maria del Fiore
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Other Famous Domes Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)
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Characteristics of Northern Renaissance Art 1.The continuation of late medieval attention to details. 2.Tendency toward realism & naturalism [less emphasis on the “classical ideal”]. 3.Interest in landscapes. 4.More emphasis on middle-class and peasant life. 5.Details of domestic interiors. 6.Great skill in portraiture.
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Jan van Eyck (1395 – 1441) More courtly and aristocratic work. – Court painter to the Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good. The Virgin and Chancellor Rolin, 1435.
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Van Eyck -Adoration of the Lamb, Ghent Altarpiece, 1432
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Van Eyck: The Crucifixion & The Last Judgment 1420-1425
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Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife (Wedding Portrait) Jan Van Eyck 1434
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Jan van Eyck - Giovanni Arnolfini & His Wife (details)
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Rogier van der Weyden (1399-1464) The Deposition 1435
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van der Weyden’s Deposition (details)
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Quentin Massys (1465-1530) Belonged to the humanist circle in Antwerp that included Erasmus. Influenced by da Vinci. Thomas More called him “the renovator of the old art.” The Ugly Dutchess, 1525-1530
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Massys’ The Moneylender & His Wife, 1514
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Baroque ► 1600 – 1750. ► From a Portuguese word “barocca”, meaning “a pearl of irregular shape.” ► Implies strangeness, irregularity, and extravagance. ► The more dramatic, the better!
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Baroque Style of Art & Architecture 1. Dramatic, emotional. 2. Colors were brighter than bright; darks were darker than dark. 3. Counter-Reformation art. 4. Paintings & sculptures in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the well-informed. 5. Ecclesiastical art --> appeal to emotions. 6. Holland --> Real people portrayed as the primary subjects.
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St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City by Gialorenzo Bernini
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“The Assumption of the Virgin Mary” Egid Quirim Asam, 1692-1750
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“Salome with the Head of the Baptist” by Caravaggio
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“The Cardsharps” Caravaggio, 1595
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“A Bust of Louis XIV” by Bernini
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“Louis XVI” Hyacinthe Rigauld
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“Cardinal Richelieu” Philippe de Champaigne [1602- 1674]
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Baroque Furniture
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RococoRococo ► 1715 – 1774. ► Centered in France --> associated with Louis XV. [also Germany and Italy] ► Light, elaborate, decorative style. ► Pastels. ► A backlash to the darkness of the Baroque --> less formal & grandiose. ► Eventually replaced by Neo-Classicism, the artistic style of the American & French Revolutions.
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RococoRococo rocaille 1. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or pebbles, referring to the stones & shells used to decorate the interior of caves. 2. Complex compositions. 3. Ornateness and fussy details. 4. Gaiety, lightness, and airyness --> the Rococo style “dances.” 5. Portrays the carefree life of the aristocracy -- landscapes like fairy tales.
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“The Marriage Contract” Jean-Antoine Watteau, 1713
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“The Swing” Jean Honoré Fragonard 1766
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“The Stolen Kiss” Jean Honoré Fragonard Late 1780s
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“Winter” Etienne- Maurice Falconet 1771
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“The Rape of Europa” Giovanni Domenico Ferretti, 1720-40
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“Mr. & Mrs. Andrews” Thomas Gainsborough, 1750
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“Portrait of a Lady in Blue” Thomas Gainsboroug h Late 1770s
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A Rococo Room
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Neo-Classicism & Romanticism Neo Classicism of the Enlightenment – Worldly view of man Conformity over individuality Order and geometry – Emphasis on progress and perfection Ancient Greece Romanticism – Reaction to Neo-classicism – Overly sentimental and unrealistic
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