1. Defending Cultural Assets Against a Cosmic Impact Risk James Burke jdburke@caltech.edujdburke@caltech.edu Sergio Camacho sergioocamacho99@yahoo.com

2. UNESCO World Heritage Sites 802 Cultural 197 Natural 32 Combined Many are on coasts or coastal plains Impact-generated tsunamis are therefore a collective risk Land impacts can cause flooding Chelyabinsk shows ancient stained glass is at risk Prior archiving needed in case prevention fails

3. Near Earth Asteroid Population Harris, A and D’Abramo, G., ICARUS 257, 302- 312, 1 September 2015 16-Oct-15IAC 2015

4. Antwerp Cathedral Contains four famous Rubens paintings

5. Antwerp Cathedral History Groundbreaking 1352 Consecration 1521 Interior destroyed by fire 1533 Looting and destruction 1566, 1581 Paintings taken to Paris 1794 Paintings returned 1816 Survived siege 1914 and V1-V2 attack 1944 Major rebuiding 1965-1993 Designated World Heritage Site 1999

6. Brugge, Belgium

7. 13 th Century Chartres Rose Window

8. ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands

9. Chelyabinsk Meteor 17-m object, 500-KT explosion at 20-km height

10. Fragment Fell into Frozen Lake

11. Stony Meteorite Recovered

13. Protection Measures In low countries vulnerable to tsunami, move cultural treasures to higher floors Prepare flood rescue facilities With Chelyabinsk example, prepare glass protection to be imstalled upon warning Create and archive info for rebuiding physical assets, copy and file backups for documents, music scores, etc.

14. Improving Detection and Evaluation Allocate more time on existing telescopes Provide more support to amateur observers Install southern hemisphere telescopes Install planetary radar at Australian DSN Launch NEOCam IR observatory to L1 Advocate other, e.g. Sentinel, IR observations Secure adequate funding for IAWN and SMPAG Build improved detection/analysis data systems 16-Oct-15IAC 2015

15. Current Kinetic Deflection 16-Oct-15IAC 2015

16. Kinetic Deflection Improvements Increased interception velocity while keeping/increasing interceptor momentum. – Use of explosives/boosters to accelerate interceptor Increased momentum multiplication factor () by spreading mass on larger surface area of PHO – – Fragmenting interceptor to multiple impact sites for more ejecta Construction of deflection ready systems (in launch sites or in orbit) for minimum time between detection and deflection. 16-Oct-15IAC 2015

17. Gaining Needed New Institutions Get PHO risk discussion, IAWN and SMPAG onto UN Security Council agenda Launch worldwide publicity campaign funded by foundations Conduct hands-on education activities by, e.g., astronomy clubs Execute simulations like the one at the 2015 IAA conference Convene an international planning congress Authorize studies in defense and industry agencies 16-Oct-15IAC 2015

18. If a Persuasion Effort Succeeds … Found an intercept organization in world military- industrial complex, funded and chartered to maintain systems ready to launch upon order from UN S. C. Assess prospect of a quick start using ICBMs and existing launch systems. Engage DoE talent for directed-mass deflection both conventional and nuclear. Conduct in-space proof of concept missions. Begin policy studies looking toward transition to nuclear deflection. 16-Oct-15IAC 2015

19. http://pdc.iaaweb.org http://iaaweb.org/iaa/Scientific %20Activity/pdcreportfinal.pdf