1. 2 Membranes and cell organelles The cell is the basic unit of _____________ in living organisms. Programmed cell ________ and reproduction of ____ cells are _________ in ____ formed tissues. Signals initiating ____________ may come from either inside or outside a cell. A defect in apoptosis can lead to a ___________, such as Alzheimer disease, cancer and autoimmune diseases.

6. The plasma membrane boundary Each eukaryotic cell contains many membranous structures, called ____________, suspended in the cytosol. Every living cell has a ________ ____________ boundary. There are several different ways in which materials _______ plasma membranes to enter cells. Cell walls lie ____________ the plasma membrane of plant, fungal and prokaryotic cells.

7. Organelle 1: the nucleus — control centre Nucleoli contain the nucleic acid RNA. The nucleus contains the nucleic acid DNA, which is the genetic material within a cell. The nucleus of eukaryote cells is enclosed within a nuclear envelope.

8. Organelle 2: mitochondrion — energy-supplying organelle

9. Organelle 3: ribosomes — protein factories

10. Living cells use energy all the time, principally as ___________ energy present in ATP. _______________ are the major sites of ATP production in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria contain small amounts of ____. Ribosomes are tiny organelles where _____________ are produced. Ribosomes are made of _______ and protein.

11. Organelles 4 and 5: endoplasmic reticulum & Golgi complex

14. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a series of membrane-bound channels. The ER functions in the __________ of substances ________ a cell. The ________ complex packages substances into ________ for _______.

15. Organelle 6: lysosomes — controlled destruction

16. Other important organelles Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs containing dissolved __________ _________. Lysosomes can digest material brought into their sacs. ___________ contain enzymes that destroy _________ materials. ____________, found in animal cells, pass on __________ ___ lysosomes for ___________.

17. Plant cell organelle: chloroplasts — sunlight trappers

18. Chloroplasts are relatively large organelles found in _____________ cells of plants and algae. Chloroplasts have an external membrane and layers of folded internal membranes. Chlorophyll is located inside the ________ of chloroplasts. Chloroplasts can ________ the radiant energy of sunlight and _________ it to chemical energy in __________.

19. Putting the organelles together

21. The cell skeleton

22. Connections between cells: animal cells

23. Connections between cells: plant cells

24. Conclusion Organelles ________ to facilitate the production of proteins and the ___________ of these and other compounds _____________ a cell. Cells have an internal support system called the ________________. In multicellular animals, some cells have _______________ that allow communication with adjacent cells. In multicellular plants, all cells have connections that allow communication with _________ cells.