1. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Recent e-EVN Developments Arpad Szomoru

2. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Outline The past Current status Expansion of e-EVN EXPReS: first results Connectivity improvements The future

3. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Price recording media ($/GB)

4. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE 0 SISI GRGR CZCZ IEIE LULU EEEE SKSK ILIL LTLTCYCY ESES HUHU ITIT FRFR UKUK BEBE NLNL DEDE SESE CHCH PTPT ATAT GEANT GÉANT 2.5 G 1.2 G 622M 155 M BGBG LVLV RORO HRHR PLPL 45 M 34 M 310 M January 2002: Proof-of-Concept e-VLBI over GÉANT EVN telescope

5. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE e-VLBI Milestones September 2002: 2 X 1 Gbit Ethernet links to JIVE Demonstrations at igrid2002 and ER2002 UDP data rates over 600 Mbit/s

6. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE e-VLBI Milestones: 2003 May 2003: First use of FTP for VLBI session fringe checks. July:10 Gbit access GEANT-Surfnet 6 X 1 Gbit links to JIVE July:10 Gbit access GEANT-Surfnet 6 X 1 Gbit links to JIVE September: e-VLBI data transfer between Bologna and JIVE – 300Mb/s October 2003: first light on Westerbork – JIVE 1 Gb/s connection November 2003: Cambridge – Westerbork fringes detected, only 15 minutes after observations were made. 64Mb/s, with disk buffering at JIVE only. November 2003: Cambridge – Westerbork fringes detected, only 15 minutes after observations were made. 64Mb/s, with disk buffering at JIVE only. Onsala Sweden Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg November 2003: Onsala Space Observatory (Sweden) connected at 1Gb/s.

7. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE January 2004: Disk buffered e-VLBI On, Wb, Cm at 128Mb/s for first e-VLBI image On – Wb fringes at 256Mb/s e-VLBI Milestones: 2004 March 2004: first real- time fringes Westford- GGAO to Haystack Intercontinental real- time fringes, Wf -On, 32 Mb/s March 2004: first real- time fringes Westford- GGAO to Haystack Intercontinental real- time fringes, Wf -On, 32 Mb/s April 2004: Three- telescope, real-time fringes at 64Mb/s (On, Jb, Wb). First real-time EVN image at 32Mb/s April 2004: Three- telescope, real-time fringes at 64Mb/s (On, Jb, Wb). First real-time EVN image at 32Mb/s June 2004: Torun connected at 1Gb/s. June 2004: network stress test (iperf) involving Bologna, Torun, Onsala and JIVE September 2004: Four telescope real- time e-VLBI (Ar, Cm, Tr, Wb) First fringes to Ar at 32 Mb/s September 2004: Four telescope real- time e-VLBI (Ar, Cm, Tr, Wb) First fringes to Ar at 32 Mb/s September 2004: First e-EVN science session (Ar, Cm, Tr, On, Wb) Spectral line observations at 32 Mb/s September 2004: First e-EVN science session (Ar, Cm, Tr, On, Wb) Spectral line observations at 32 Mb/s December 20 2004: connection of JBO to Manchester at 2 x 1 Gb/s e-VLBI test with Tr, On and Jb Jb - Tr fringes at 256Mb/s December 20 2004: connection of JBO to Manchester at 2 x 1 Gb/s e-VLBI test with Tr, On and Jb Jb - Tr fringes at 256Mb/s

8. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE January 2005: Huygens descent tracking, salvage of Doppler experiment Use of dedicated lightpath Australia-JIVE, data transferred at ~450 Mb/s January 2005: Huygens descent tracking, salvage of Doppler experiment Use of dedicated lightpath Australia-JIVE, data transferred at ~450 Mb/s e-VLBI Milestones: 2005 February 2005: network transfer test (BWCTL) employing various network monitoring tools involving Jb, Cm, On, Tr, Bologna and JIVE March 2005: e-VLBI science session First continuum science observations at 128 and 64 Mb/s, involving 6 radio telescopes (Wb, Ar, Jb, Cm, On, Tr) March 2005: e-VLBI science session First continuum science observations at 128 and 64 Mb/s, involving 6 radio telescopes (Wb, Ar, Jb, Cm, On, Tr) Summer 2005: trench for “ last mile ” connection to Medicina dug Spring 2006: Metsahovi connected at 10Gb/s

9. EVN Symposium 2004, A. Szomoru, JIVE 155 Mbps 10 Gbps 2.5 Gbps 1 Gbps

10. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Why bother? (change is bad…) Target of Opportunity - unscheduled observations triggered by sudden astronomical events. This capability will become much more important when LOFAR comes online Adaptive Observing - Use e-VLBI as a finder experiment Or, e-VLBI sessions a few days apart, adapt schedules for later observations based on results (rapid results on large sample, focus in detail on best candidates) Automatic Observing - small number of telescopes observing for extended periods doing spectral line observations of large galactic samples Interface with other real-time arrays – e-MERLIN, LOFAR, SKA.. Also function as SKA-pathfinder Bandwidth no longer limited by magnetic media: 10Gbps technology already becoming mainstream Because we can…

11. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Recent developments Regular science/test sessions throughout the year First open calls for e-VLBI science proposals First science run completely lost, but, first ever real-time fringes to Mc (128 Mbps) Second and third science runs: many hours of smooth sailing at 128 Mbps. No excitement, no drama. JIVE becoming an observatory?

12. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE First e-EVN Astronomy Publications

13. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Current status Technical tests : 6-station fringes at 256 Mbps first European 512 Mbps fringes (Jb and Wb, May 18) 3-station 512 Mbps fringes (Cm, Wb, On, August 21) first fringes using new 5 GHz receiver at Mc Current connectivity: Ar: 64 Mbps in the past, but <32 Mbps this year European telescopes: 128 Mbps always, 256 Mbps often, 512 Mbps to Wb, Jb and On

14. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE

15. Tr connectivity bottleneck – (partially) solved Black Diamond 6808 switches: New interfaces (10GE) system in old architecture (1GE) Originally 8x1GE interface per card 10GE NIC served by 8 x 1GE queues Queuing regime – RR (packet based) and flow-based Flow based: Max. flow capacity – 1Gbit/s – backround traffic. There is no known reordering workaround to solve this problem.

16. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE e-VLBI to South America? SMART-1 SMART-1 factsheet Testing solar-electric propulsion and other deep-space technologies Name SMART stands for Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology. Description SMART-1 is the first of ESA’s Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology. It travelled to the Moon using solar-electric propulsion and carrying a battery of miniaturised instruments. As well as testing new technology, SMART-1 is making the first comprehensive inventory of key chemical elements in the lunar surface. It is also investigating the theory that the Moon was formed following the violent collision of a smaller planet with Earth, four and a half thousand million years ago. Launched 27 September 2003 Status Arrived in lunar orbit, 15 November 2004. Conducting lunar orbit science operations. Notes SMART-1 is the first European spacecraft to travel to and orbit around the Moon. This is only the second time that ion propulsion has been used as a mission's primary propulsion system (the first was NASA's Deep Space 1 probe launched in October 1998). SMART-1 is looking for water (in the form of ice) on the Moon. To save precious xenon fuel, SMART-1 uses 'celestial mechanics', that is, techniques such as making use of 'lunar resonances' and fly-bys.

17. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE e-VLBI to Sourth America (2)

18. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Australia : Telescopes connected PCEVN-Mk5 interface needed China : Shanghai Observatory connected at 2.5Gbps Connection via TEIN (622Mbps), ORIENT? Issues with CERNET, CSTNet Direct lightpath Hong Kong-Netherlight? And other continents..

19. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Hybrid networks in the Netherlands..

20. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Switch from Cisco to Nortel/Avici equipment has been completed: for now, 7 * 1 Gbps, ultimately 16 * 1 Gbps lightpaths + 10 Gbps IP connection

21. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Outline..and across Europe: GÉANT2 network upgrade

22. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE EXPReS: getting underway SA1: new hires at JIVE; two software engineers, one network engineer (finally!), one e-VLBI postdoc Inclusion of e-MERLIN telescopes in e-EVN Operational improvements (deliverable driven): Robustness Reliability Speed Ease of operation Station feedback And still, pushing data rates, protocols, UDP, Circuit TCP? Get rid of fairness… Better usage of available bandwidth.

23. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE e-VLBI control interface

24. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Interface to station Mk5s

25. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Runtime control

26. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Integrating fringe display

27. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Data status monitor

28. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Streamlining of post processing

29. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Web-based Post-processing

30. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Ongoing New control computers (Solaris AMD servers) Cut down on (re-)start time Powerful code development platform Tightening up of existing code Operational within next few weeks Other hardware upgrades: SX optics (fibres + NICs), managed switches at JIVE and SARA Mark5A→B: motherboards, memory, power supplies, serial links, CIBs

31. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE FABRIC: (Huib Jan van Langevelde) Distributed software correlation High bandwidth data transport (On part of e-MERLIN @ 4Gbps) Two new hires at JIVE And coming.. SCARIe: Collaboration with SARA and UvA Distributed software correlation using Dutch grid Lambda switching, dynamical allocation of lightpaths, collaboration with DRAGON project JIVE postdoc hired, still looking for UvA postdoc

32. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Martin Swany Connectivity improvements

33. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE

34. 2 Heavy duty gamer PCs Tyan Thunder K8WE Motherboards Dual AMD Opteron 2.4GHz processors 4GB RAM 2 1Gb PCI-Expres Nics First one at Torun, back-to-back to Mark5 Second one located at Poznan Supercomputing Centre

35. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Protocol work in Manchester: Protocol Investigation for eVLBI Data Transfer Protocols considered for investigation include: TCP/IP UDP/IP DCCP/IP VSI-E RTP/UDP/IP Remote Direct Memory Access TCP Offload Engines Work in progress – Links to ESLEA UK e-science Vlbi-udp – UDP/IP stability & the effect of packet loss on correlations Tcpdelay – TCP/IP and CBR data

36. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Protocols (1) Mix of High Speed and Westwood TCP (Sansa)

37. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Protocols (2) Circuit TCP (Mudambi, Zheng and Veeraraghavan) Meant for Dedicated End-to- End Circuits, fixed congestion window No slow start, no backoff: finally, a TCP rude enough for e-VLBI?

38. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE Protocols (3) Home-grown version of CTCP using pluggable TCP congestion avoidance algorithms in newer Linux kernels (Mark Kettenis) Rock-steady 780 Mbps transfer using iperf from Mc to JIVE Serious problem with new version of Mk5A software under newer kernels

39. 8 th EVN Symposium, Torun, September 2006, A. Szomoru, JIVE e-EVN: the future Aim: 16 * 1 Gbps production e-EVN network Lightpaths across GÉANT: point-to-point connections between JIVE and telescopes. Guaranteed bandwidth, no need to worry about congestion.. Depending on connectivity of stations, choice of configurations with specific data rates Towards a true connected-element interferometer; we’re well on our way