1. Annual Shirley Playfair Lecture 2014 Fritz Pinnock Caribbean Maritime Institute “Competing in the Hub” The Fair Trading Commission

2. Importance of International Trade "Whosoever commands the sea commands trade; whosoever commands the trade of the world commands the riches of the world, and consequently the world itself". Sir Walter Raleigh (1610).

3. Background Due the the world's geography – 2 intercontinental connectivity alternatives Those linking Asia and Europe Those linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The Panama Canal is obviously the shortest operational route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. After close to 1 Century – Panama Canal now faces competition.

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5. Maritime Routes and Strategic Locations

6. Maritime Alternatives Those involving a continuous maritime segment – 1.The Magellan Route circumnavigating South America imposes a substantial detour but offers the opportunity to pick up or drop off cargo along the way (e.g. Brazil, Argentina, Chile 1.The Northwest Passage, along with other Artic routes. shortest route between the North Pacific and the North Atlantic – hazardous- lacks opportunity to pick up and drop off cargo.

7. Geographical Impact of the Suez Canal, 1869 16,000 KM 10,000 KM

8. 3.The Suez Canal - alternative to Panama, particularly in light of economic growth in South and Southeast Asia. Singapore, the world's 3 rd. largest container port - the "line of indifference" between the use of the Panama or the Suez routes to reach the U.S. East Coast, so any cargo transiting through Singapore has the Suez option. 4. Cape Route through South Africa- offering an alternative to the increasing trade relations between Brazil and Argentina with China.

9. Overland Alternatives Are more numerous. 1.Panama Canal Railway - The first and often less obvious alternative – notable growth but not necessarily as a competing. The growing role of Panama as a transshipment hub is supported by the complementarity the railway offers in quickly repositioning containers across the isthmus In 2013 - Nicaragua announced that a 50 years concession has been signed with a Hong Kong firm with the goal to develop a canal able to handle ships in excess of 250,000 tons.

10. 2. The North American Landbridges - composed of the Canadian, American and Mexican landbriges - operational realities - their role is not necessarily to offer an alternative to the Panama Canal, but options to shippers servicing North American supply chains with a faster alternative.

12. Source: UNCTAD Freight costs for countries

13. Direct connectivity? Out of 162 x 161 pairs of countries: How many are connected by direct services? Source: UNCTAD, based on data from Containerization International

14. Trade Expansion 14

15. 15 In the Beginning Trucks leaving old finger piers of Downtown Kingston in the early 1900s Photo Source: National Library of Ja.

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17. 17 In the Beginning Finger Piers of Downtown Kingston in the early 1900s Photo Source: SAJ Archive

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19. 19 Historical Perspective In the Beginning Inauguration of Ro-Ro Service at Berth 1 in Newport West in 1966 Photo Source: National Library of Ja.

20. 20 Most Modern Multipurpose Port in the Caribbean

21. Transition between General Cargo and Transshipment 21

22. BARBADOS PORT INC.

23. FREEPORT CONTAINER TERMINAL BAHAMAS

24. CAUCEDO DOM. REP.

26. MARIEL CUBA 26

27. VERNAMFIELD JAMAICA

28. GOAT ISLAND JAMAICA

29. London Gateway: Future Case Example

30. THE FUTURE JOBS “There is no future in any job. The future lies in the person who holds the job.” – George W. Crane Higher education is that they tend to prepare students for jobs of the past., “They are constantly shooting behind the duck.” 2 BILLION JOBS WILL DISAPPEAR BY 2030 OR 50% OF ALL THE JOBS 30