1. Art and Cultural Changes

2. Between 1870- 1914 there was a shift from traditional art and literacy styles This becomes known as modernism, a movement in which writers and artists rebelled against the traditional literary and artistic styles that had dominated European cultural life since the Renaissance. Modernism

3. Literature Naturalism dominated the literature world in the late 19 th century. Naturalists believed writing should be realistic and focus on social problems Two naturalist authors were Henrik Ibsen and Emile Zola Writers such as these often explored - alcoholism - role of women in society - urban slums and the problems within them

4. During the beginning of the 20 th century a new form of writing emerged. These writers were called symbolists Symbolists believed: - objective knowledge of the world was impossible - external world was only a collection of symbols that reflected the true reality which was the individual human mind - art should function for its own sake instead of serving, criticizing, or seeking to understand society. Literature

5. Art before modernism tried to represent reality as accurately as possible As world views changed, artist sought new forms to reflect these views Impressionism: came about during the 1870s in France - artists no longer worked in studios - traveled to the country side to paint nature directly - Claude Monet: captured the interplay of light, water, and sky Art

6. Art: Impressionism Claude Monet Water Lilies

7. Art: Post Impressionism Post Impressionism came about in the 1880s in France It was the idea of painting what you feel. Vincent Van Gogh - his art was a spiritual experience for him - believed color could act as its own form of language

8. Art: Post Impressionism Vincent van Gogh Starry Night

9. Art: Decline of Realism Realism begins to decline in the early 1900s In 1888 the Kodak camera was invented by George Eastman Due to this invention artists - believed they no longer had to represent reality or mirror it - wanted to create their own reality - began looking for meanings in the individual consciousness These new views plunge artists into Modern Art.

10. Modern Art: Cubism In 1905 Pablo Picasso begins his career Originally from Spain, but settled in Paris, France in 1904 He is created with the creation of Cubism Cubism uses geometric designs to re-create reality in the viewer’s mind.

11. Cubism Pablo Picasso Portrait of Wilhelm Uhde

12. Modern Art: Abstract Abstract art emerged around 1910 It was the idea that art spoke directly to the soul, and avoided visual reality by using only lines and color. Wassily Kandinsky, a Russian painter who worked in Germany, was one of the founders of abstract expressionism

13. Modern Art: Abstract Wassily Kandinsky Cossacks

14. Music Developments in music during this time paralleled those of art Music such as Igor Stravinsky’s exploited expressive sounds and bold rhythms The Rite of Spring https://audioboom.com/boos/3563225-stravinsky-s-the-rite-of- spring-cliphttps://audioboom.com/boos/3563225-stravinsky-s-the-rite-of- spring-clip

15. Architecture Functionalism began to rise during this time This was the idea that buildings, like the products of machines, should be functional, or useful Buildings should fulfill the purpose they were made for Unnecessary ornamentation should be stripped away - Louis H. Sullivan is an architect who belived in functionalism - He used reinforced concrete, steel frames, and electric elevators to build skyscrapers virtually free of external ornamentation

16. Scientific Advancements Marie Curie: -Discovered radium gave off radiation which came from within the atom -Came to the conclusion that atoms were not just material bodies, but small active worlds -In 1903 she became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize Albert Einstein: -Developed the Theory of Relativity- space and time are not absolute but are relative to the observer -Space nor time has an existence independent of human experience -Matter is just another form of energy

17. Scientific Advancements Sigmund Freud: -Wrote the Interpretation of Dreams in 1900 -Believed that human behavior was strongly determined by past experiences and internal forces of which people were largely unaware -Believed those experiences could be repressed since childhood -Due to this belief he created psychoanalysis- a method by which a therapist and patient probe deeply into the patient’s memory by making the patient’s conscious mind aware of repressed thoughts -According to Freud, by doing this healing could take place