1. CHAPTER 16 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, and GASES

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3. SECTION 1 KINETIC THEORY KINETIC THEORY (Particle Theory) of MATTER: KINETIC THEORY (Particle Theory) of MATTER: Matter is composed of particles that are in constant, random motion Matter is composed of particles that are in constant, random motion MATTER MATTER Anything that has mass and takes up space Anything that has mass and takes up space

4. FOUR STATES OF MATTER Solid: particles close together; definite shape and definite volume Solid: particles close together; definite shape and definite volume Liquid: solid begins to melt at melting point; particles slide across each other; definite volume, no definite shape Liquid: solid begins to melt at melting point; particles slide across each other; definite volume, no definite shape

5. Gas: at the boiling point particles move very fast and are further apart; no definite shape and no definite volume Gas: at the boiling point particles move very fast and are further apart; no definite shape and no definite volume Plasma: high-temperature gases; happens on the sun; most common phase of matter in the universe Plasma: high-temperature gases; happens on the sun; most common phase of matter in the universe

6. THERMAL ENERGY THERMAL ENERGY Total energy of a material’s particles; causes particles to vibrate in place Total energy of a material’s particles; causes particles to vibrate in place THERMAL EXPANSION THERMAL EXPANSION Size of a substance increases with increasing temperatures Size of a substance increases with increasing temperatures